African American Studies-Introduction to the Art of Africa Essay - 1

African American Studies-Introduction to the Art of Africa - Essay ExampleThe different forms signified different statuses of women in the society as good as their creative aspects.Young women who were being initiated into womanhood wore the masks in the initiation ceremonies (Foster 1). They showed that the young girls had courage and tendency to take up female responsibilities in the society. After initiation, each girl would be given a unique mask made from the trunk of a cotton tree. The maker of the mask would only go to make the, mask for a girl after hearing screams from the girl undergoing the initiation process.There were particular requirements that the initiates had to fulfill while wearing the mask. They were not supposed to reveal any of their body parts. Failure to hold fast would attract possession by the evil spirits. The cover clothing was supposed to be black in color.It is clear that the Sowei masks served the purposes of beautification and conduction of ritua ls. They were reserved for Sande and Bundu societies. They helped distinguish the Mende women from other tribes in the

Target Market Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Target Market - Coursework ExampleThe advertising target refers to a group of batch to which an advertisement would be aimed at. This could be the whole target market or a portion of it. communication theory Platform in marketing refers to the tool of delivering the message to the target audience (Armstrong & Porter, 2003). It gives the capability of personalizing and distributing marketing message based on the profile of the target market guided by some rules in fear that could be adapted for various scenarios. Once the target market has been identified, available media vehicles should be evaluated based on their capability to deliver an audience that would match the target. Of importance to consider when selecting the media to use include frequency, reach, continuity and consummate(a) rating points (Brumfitt, Barnes, Norris & Jones, 2001).In this case, the message should communicate the effectiveness of MaxEmail products and run. It should justify the perceived expensiveness o f its products and services by conveying the value offered. The message should also portray the companys corporate identity as it targets the political science and business enterprises.Social media and search engines would be the two most appropriate platforms for communication at MaxEmail. Since MaxEmail delivers services and products that largely depend on the internet, it would be realistic to consider that most of the targeted users access the internet during their day-to-day operations (MaxEmail, 2012). Brumfitt, Barnes, Norris and Jones (2001) observed that social networking has become a popular marketing strategy for most meritless chip companies since 90% of internet users would subscribe to these networks. Search engines such as Google.com and Yahoo.com experience massive hits chance(a) and therefore provide a large market for MaxEmail to target.Therefore, as MaxEmail targets users of fax to email and email to fax, in particular those drawn from the government, busines s

Soldiers with Large Weapons in Predator-Abundant Midsummer Research Paper

Soldiers with Large Weapons in Predator-Abundant Midsummer - Research Paper Example fit to the research findings, it stinker, therefore, be said that being in a position to comprehend the causal mechanisms and outcomes of indication variation can present imperative insights of how organismal phenotypes are manipulated in the process of evolution and how they limit communal dynamics and the population. Different approaches are used to determine the variation in the trait. One famous approach involves measuring the number of aphids in colonies that belong to for distributively one of the three wild populations, and the number of predators of each colony. Three separate colonies, all in Japan were used in the study. One aspect to the colonies that was usual was that they were all situated at the periphery of deciduous forests, where the S. senanensis host plant was found in abundance. to each one colony was surveyed one to three times each month. The survey was conducted in Augus t 2006. In each survey, S. senanensis leaves were picked up, each must have had a colony of aphid so as to collect both the aphid and the predator. all(a) aphids and predators collected were placed in ethanol and then preserved in plastic bags. Aphid mothers seemingly prove sturdy soldiers as a sole reaction to environmental temperature. This is done just before the sexual climax of the dangerous time as a move that can expound on the mechanism of the spaciotemporal variation in natural populations. These results may actually be the initial indication of the evidence of the actuality of an adaptive strategy in relation to the morphological characteristics of soldiers in aphids. The results do not reveal much most the defensive strategy of the aphids, in particular, the factors influencing the production of soldiers in C. japonica. The correlation between production of soldiers and soldier armature can be approximated by measuring up the number and armature of soldier produced by the aphids that have been nurtured at distinct environmental temperature.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 228

appellative ExampleThe executive director of New Yorkers Against the Death Penalty David Kaczynski claimed that medicine is supposed to heal good deal it is non sets as its purpose to heal them in order to kill. There appears to be a tender controversy. One point is that he conducted a crime and deserves death penalty. Another point is that he is not sane to be executed. Thus, Singleton has to bear the responsibility for own actions. The goals of court and medicine appear to be in a conflict regarding this issue. There be three main possible outcomes he is being cured and killed he is insane and would not be executed he remains insane but however he is being executed without conscious perception, just murdered like an animal.Each argument has its sense. backing the first variant, I cannot accept the second one. If a person conducted a crime, he has to face the consequences. If he is already a death row prisoner, no reason could be strong enough to diversify the decision. An other aspect is that he has to be conscious enough to realize the weight of the crime he conducted. Just eliminating him may help society, yet such extent of punishment has no conscious and virtuous element.There is a probable claim that medications and efforts of doctors are applied not properly. Doctors spend their time, drugs are bought and utilize for accomplishing a short-turn goal to heal to execute immediately. It all may happen the same time when race are ill and suffering, they may have no bills to buy medications while the government spends money and medicine for those who will be executed shortly. It is a kind of waste of resources. If there is a person, who is stern and destructive, he or she has to be isolated murder is a reason for death penalty. There are objections to such measure of punishment and debates are still held. Anyhow, doctors and medicines have to be used for healing people. practice of medicine values reject healing for killing.I would

REC, Inc. and seatle coffee products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

REC, Inc. and seatle coffee products - Essay grammatical caseOn the basis of the previous results the ships company prepares projected income story for the next scoreing period in order to estimate the likely outcome of its operations and sales. This also helps the company to determine variances observed in the actual financial results of the company. The companys expectations from its business for the complete year 2004 are given as budgeted income statement in Exhibit 2 which indicate that the company expects a monthly average gain of $60,000 (Profit Before Taxes $720,000/12). These projections are based on the expected number of sales of equivalent units for the year 2004 i.e. the company estimated sale of 10,000 equivalent units which implies an average monthly sale of 830 or 840 units.Based on the comparison amidst the actual financial results of REC, Inc. and its budgeted income statement it could be ascertained that the companys profit results for the month January 2004 adjudge felt short by $78,000. This has been against the expectation of the companys management as the business followed the cause that it has experienced in the last few years related to the market conditions and business cycle. The variation in the actual financial results from the budgeted income statement can be evaluated by examining every element of the actual income statement and comparing it to the budgeted figures for these elements.One of the limitations of the above presented budgeted financials on a monthly basis is that it does not take into account the changes in the business cycle and market conditions which may occur during the financial period. For example, sales of the business could be affected due to the seasonal downturn in a particular month. Therefore, better analysis would down been possible if the company was preparing budgeted income statement on a monthly basis.The table above indicates that the

Casa de Diseo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Casa de Diseo - Case Study Exampleriod by offering citation terms of 3/10 net 60, what additional savings in resource investment be will result for the shortened cash conversion cycle, expect that the level of sales remains uniform?If the firms variable cost of $40,000,000 in sales is 80%, determine the reduction in average investment in accounts due and the annual savings that will result from this reduced investment, assuming that sales remain constant.Teresa Leal should continue focusing on how the company can reduce the accounts receivable (money customers owe the company), a move that will automatically reduce the bad debt expense. The company should continue with its brisk strategy of offering cash discounts since the analysis has confirmed that it is a wise idea. However, the companys solicitude should also focus on how it can reduce the cost of offering cash discounts since it appears as if it is quench relatively high (Fernandes,

Analysis of Human rights Act 1998 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

compend of Human pays action 1998 - Essay ExampleTo abide the above express aims and to appease the people who ar hankering for unity and unanimity, the Act incorporates some purvey which extends some rights to the people to jollify these unity .These provisions give the so called conventional rights to the people from the all area includes offenders, suspects etc. But the question is how outlying(prenominal) these rights enjoyable to these offenders particularly for suspects whose status is neither in the culprits nor in the normal individuals. The question is whether their rights are be protected aptly or not is a crucial question before the Law.As said above the suspects also enjoy the benefits of the different provisions which meant for the well being of the society. Article 2 of the Act provides everyone present in UK has the right of life and no one can de be deprived of their life, includingthose much(prenominal) as suspected terrorists or violent criminals. Moreove r Article 3 gives the suspects a right to liberty from torturing, inhumane or degrade treatment. It further says that even in times of war or early(a) public emergency, a person has the right not to be treated in these ways .It is a also applicable to the suspects.By sticking to the individual fre... As said above the suspects also enjoy the benefits of the different provisions which meant for the well being of the society. Article 2 of the Act provides everyone present in UK has the right of life and no one can de be deprived of their life, including those such as suspected terrorists or violent criminals. Moreover Article 3 gives the suspects a right to freedom from torturing, inhumane or degrading treatment. It further says that even in times of war or other public emergency, a person has the right not to be treated in these ways .It is a also applicable to the suspects. By sticking to the individual freedom of living own life ,the Act empowers the persons to live in individu alized privacy taking into the account of rights and freedom of the others and also limits on the extent to which a public allowance can do thing which invade your privacy about your body without your permission. The point is well explained in Law Vs R (2) and it was held that the principal purpose of s 8 of the charter was to protect an accuseds privacy interests against ridiculous intrusion by the state. In the instant case, the mere fact that the police recovered the stolen property was lacking(p) to support an inference that the owners voluntarily relinquished their expectation of privacy in the item and the Court sustain that the officers conduct constituted an unreasonable search. It followed that there was a violation of s 8 of the charter. Moreover referring the dominion 21 of the Body of the principles on detention, which envisages the well being of the suspects who is in detention by prohibiting undue service

Mental Health Nursing Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mental Health Nursing Care - Essay display caseThese thoughts and feelings affected my behavior by making me more irritable towards them or thinking general thoughts or so them that wad with mental behavior are to be ignored or discounted by indian lodge. I intrust to be proven wrong in all my thoughts, feelings, and attitudes about the mentally ill. I hope that I would be given a reason to change these perceptions.After watching the DVD, I was changed significantly in all my perceptions, feelings, attitudes, and my future behavior towards mental illness and the mentally ill. I now know that I was wrong to think, feel, and behave the way I did about the mentally ill. I now know that the labels society places on those who have mental illness may sometimes be wrong and that our beliefs about state with mental illness may be (and sometimes is) wrong. I also believe now that people with mental illness can actually function well in society and can present significantly to normal s ocietal functions and activities. I am happy to have been proven wrong in my perceptions about mental

Economic and Monetary Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Economic and financial northward - Essay ExampleNevertheless both developed quickly back to the former patterns. On the divergent, this musical theme would find evidence of a decline in the resolution of the inflation progression in the mid-1990s. This similarly would be evidenced due to a structural alteration in private inflationary scenery due to policies associated to the groundwork of EMU. Regression Model analysis also been adjusted for statistical analysis apply an OLS- and a 2SLS. Main focus of the paper has addressed the question - How joining the Economic and Monetary brotherhood of the European sexual union affects InflationJoining the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union has spacious prospect on decision-making structure of monetary policymaking. The political culture of monetary union posed on stability from Inflation. Legitimately countries those who prefer outlay stability at the expense of growth shake up reign monetary union. These preference s shaped the base of monetary union where various institutions intent to protect this interest done price stability. Supporting aspects of monetary integration have shaped it hard to strictly enforce. The battle for price stability in relation to growth continues to be waged despite has gained apparent victory.The inclusion of the joining countries willing impact on the institutional structure of the European Central Bank (ECB). The alliances have formed to get ahead and block certain policies. The alliances would be bent based on the extent of their economies may benefit more. The go along emphasis of stability has a more flexible bargain for its faster growth rate. Similar decisions have a credibility impact on the efficiency of EMU to play a more lively role in international monetary arena. This study would go to investigate how joining the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union affects Inflation among the existing member countries and contrasting the incentives f or accession countries. This paper would go to represent the analysis within three aspects as -Econometric models.Focus on analysis of data,Statistical techniques, The determinants of EMU historically extraordinary improvements are numerous and complex. The main motivation for joining EMU was the rely of being part of an area of monetary stability for most participating countries after long stage of high and variable inflation among themselves. The aim of this paper is to investigate the joining Europes Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) had any effect on the dynamics of inflation in the countries involved. This question is very significant in quite a few respects. EMU involved the preface of a new currency euro among 12 member countries and created the new central bank responsible for organising and implementing a single

The Military Art Reseach Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Military Art Reseach - Research Paper ExampleWith the transportation of time, technology has grown and revolutionized the world. This revolution has changed the contemporary nature of contendfare as well. Different wars have lead to different consequences as its affect on politics, economy and psychology of the masses depends on the nature of war. correspond war not only affects the political system of a nation but can too affect the social and economic system. Total war deploys strategies and resources to defeat the enemy in every track possible which may even include the psychology of people. In this paper, we will discuss the transition in the nature of war based on our study of Napoleonic, American Civil and Franco Prussian wars. All third of these wars mark the transition from express mail to summarize war. These wars hold great importance in our history as they have produced dire consequences because of their nature. Napoleonic wars were a series of wars, fought among France and several other European states between 1792 and 1815. These wars are important in the respect that they earned the title of first total war in western history. Previously Europe had seen limited wars which meant that armies avoided large scale battles, civilians could hope for merciful treatment from the enemy, adversary officers were considered as honorable adversaries at the time of settlements and the wars followed the codes of aristocratic honor. The French revolution broke this tradition of limited war. It overthrew the countrys aristocracy and waged war under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte against several European states. In the Napoleonic wars not only were young men supposed to participate in war but women, children and the aged were also required to channel their energies into war efforts. The statistical results clearly identify the harmful casualties of this total war. More than one-fifth of all the major battles fought in Europe between 1490 and 1 815 took place in the 25 years after 1790. Before 1790 only a handful of battles had involved more than 100,000 combatants in the 1809 affair of Wagram, largest in the gunpowder age to date, involved 300,000. Just four years later the Battle of Leipzig drew 500,000, with fully 150,000 of them killed or wounded. (Napoleons Total War). France alone counted around one million war deaths. In these series of wars, the whole population was mobilized which meant that every citizen was supposed to participate in the war in one way or the other. The technological aspect of these wars that aided in the transition from limited war was the advent of cheap small arms and mobile cannons due to which the number of citizen soldiers increased. Almost forty sixsome years after the defeat of Napoleon at waterloo, the world witnessed another total war at another geographical area that is America. American Civil war (1861-1865) was another series of conflicts between American Union and American Confed eracy. Most of these conflicts took place in the southern states of America. The Union lost about 360,000 military during the Civil War and the Confederacy about 260,000. This is almost as many soldiers as have died in all other American wars combined. (Civil War Guide). American Civil war became cognize as the first total war of modern history because it brought various social and financial changes in the system. The civil war initially started as a limited war but it gradually changed into total war. It was a war between the people and not

Health promotion strategy for asthmatic children Essay

wellness procession strategy for asthmatic minorren - Essay Example3).The scope of this paper is to discuss the pathophysiology of asthma in children regardless of their location, the psychosocial and cultural impact upon both the children themselves as well as caregivers, analyze the nurses role in promoting self management, discuss the health promotion strategies of both Taiwan and the UK while applying them to patient needs and, finally, to post an overview of the pharmacological agents available for treatment. Although they choose different approaches, both Taiwan and the UK have workable health promotion strategies to assist asthmatic children.Breathing is a process that most people take for granted air hose passages automatically carry air into our lungs where blood is oxygenated and, in a normal person, this process is only challenged beneath acute circumstances like smoke inhalation (Clark, 2003, p. 44). Asthma, however, is a condition involving the branches (bronchiole s) of the bronchial tree...in asthma, these bronchioles become narrow for many reasons (Lieberman, 1999, p. 10), making breathing something that cannot be taken for granted. Asthmatics have airways that are hyperreactive, and become inflamed in response to...seemingly modest irritants. ... The linings of the airways swell, excessive amounts of mucus are produced, and the smooth muscle tissue of the airways tightens or constricts (Clark, 2003, p. 44).Whether they interest in Asia or Europe, these characteristics in asthmatic children are the same. Accordingly, when assessing, planning and evaluating the care of the asthmatic child, the nurse essential be especially aware of these conditions because the constriction of the circular muscles surrounding the bronchial tube can run a risk very quickly and, in severe cases, cause asphyxiation. Assessment should be based upon symptomatic introduction and observable behaviors of the child, paying particular attention to excess mucus produ ction which con-tributes to wheezing and difficulty in breathing. Planning and evaluation of the care for the child should include not only an awareness of the generalities, but too any specific allergens or other causative agents that aggravate an asthmatic response. Since asthma is chronic condition, the bronchial tube wall can thicken over time, and aggravated edema of the lining can ultimately lead to fibrosis and tissue destruction (Lieberman, 1999, p. 12). Accordingly, the nurse must be alert to the early signs of asthma and have a definite medical regimen to follow when an attack begins (Zamula, 1990, p. 15). The key to addressing the physical condition of the child is having a plan in place thus the need for a health promotion strategy.Psychosocial and pagan ImpactThere is a significant impact on asthmatic children, as well as those who care for them, from psychological, social, and cultural points of view. Understanding

Alejandro Gonzlez Irritu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Alejandro Gonzlez Irritu - Essay ExampleToday we know about them through the narrative of conquerors, religious, and the surviving Indians that knowledgeable how to read and write aft(prenominal) the Conquest. Archeologists and historians uncover still the hidden clues of the past, but it is writers and filmmakers who unveil the ideology of a once proud and strong civilization turned into a weak and timid society which in spite of all the deficiencies held or attributed loves its independence and its dignity more than its own life. Cinematography has played a decisive role in the history of Mexico. During the revolution period, many documentaries were filmed about the battles, and it is said that Pancho Villa do a lot of money for the cause and himself by allowing American cinematographers to film him in action. He fifty-fifty choreographed the battle of Celaya for this purpose. Filmmakers like Buuel, Rodriguez , Galindo and El Indio Fernandez depicted the urban dramas of the for ties using the natural settings of the vecindarios and the barrios pobres of cities practically scattered within the great metropolis, bringing Mexican movies to its Golden Era. Stories like Nosotros Los Pobres and Ustedes los Ricos showed the clash of classes that already existed then and take aim bitterly deepened today. October 1968 would close the golden era of filmmaking. Thousands of students and college professors would be slaughtered between two armed fronts prepared by the hand of the political power PRI. President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz ordered Luis Echeverria, his secretary of Government, the massacre of students in Tlaltelolco, an historical localise known as The Square of the Three Cultures, holding whats left of the Pre-Hispanic constructions, (1325), the temple of Santiago Apostol,(1535) built after colonization and the modern archeology of the former building for the Foreign Relations Secretary.(Mexicomaxico)

Western civilization. Ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Essay

Western civilization. Ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle - Essay ExampleAthens in olden times was an intellectual and tasty centre of the Greek world. The advanced thinkers came in and rejected the traditional explanations of the world of nature. The Greek thinkers st artworked suspecting rational hunting lodge to the universe.In such an atmosphere came the traveling teacher the casuist. They were men whose responsibility was to train and educate the sons of Athens 1. Amongst the ranks of Sophist came Socrates (c.469-399 B.C.), the most nonable and wisest Athens ever survived. His most prized scholarly person was Plato (c.427-347 B.C.), who came from a wealthy and powerful family and employ himself-importance to teachings of philosophy under Socrates at a young age of twenty. Amongst Platos prized student was Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) born in down in the mouth Greek colony in Thrace and whose father served grandfather of Alexander the Great. He was interested in detail of natural life. 2Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher. He is the founder of Western philosophy, and has contributions in the field of ethics, epistemology and logic. His ideas and approaches potently provide a foundation for the western philosophy. His most important contribution is his dialectic method of motion which is cognise as Socratic Method used in examination of concepts of good and justice. He is seen as the father of politics, philosophy, ethics and moral philosophy. He taught his students to be concerned with their families, careers and political responsibilities and also with the well-being of their souls. He believed in immortality of the soul, and that rightfulness could be taught. Socrates argued that the moral excellence was a matter of divine legacy and non the1) Steven Kreis, the history guide, Lecture 6 The Greek thoughts Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, 2000. http//www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture8b.html2) Dr. C. George Boeree, the ancient Greeks p art2 Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, copyright 2000, 2009. http//webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/athenians.htmlParental nurture. His hardly a(prenominal) believe were that no one desires evil, no one does wrong willingly or knowingly, all virtue is knowledge and virtue is sufficient for knowledge. This believes are characterized as Socratic paradoxes. He is himself referred as saying, I know that I know nothing 3 he believed that wrongdoing was a consequence of ignorance. He connected the art of love with the love of wisdom i.e. philosophy. Socrates believed that the best way for the people to live was to focus on self development rather than material wealth. He stressed that virtue was the most valuable of all possessions 4.Plato was holy Greek philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues and the founder of Academy in Athens. He laid the foundations of natural philosophy, intelligence and western philosophy. He taught philosophy, logic, rhetoric and mathematics. He ofte n discussed the father-son relationship and the impact it had on sons life. Plato discovered that human being is born with knowledge and it is present in human mind at birth. He argued that in periodical lives we collect information from our experiences and gave great importance to the physical, mental and spiritual development of an individual. Plato introduced the idea that the mistakes were due to not engaging properly within justice, beauty and equality (he called them forms). In metaphysics Plato predicted a systematic rational discourse of the forms and their interrelation. In ethics and moral psychology he developed the view that the good life requires not just a certain kind of knowledge but also training to healthy stirred responses and harmony between the three parts of the soul reason, spirit and appetite. 5 Aristotle was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and the teacher of Alexander the Great. His 3) Benjamin Jowett, The republic by Plato, book 1, 23rd Septembe r 2009.4) Sarah Kofman, Socrates Fictions of a Philosopher ,1998, ISBN 0-8014-3551-

Challenge in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Challenge in the Workplace - Essay ExampleHe was quite angry because he had been making jaws to our fellowship and had suffered the thaw around by the people who were assigned to help him. When I received his call and learned of his plight, I looked up his inquiry and discovered that his check was ready only when not yet sent egress for some reason. I informed him of this problem and assured him that I would call him at the end of the solar day with an update regarding his claim. Normally, a check release request does not require a personal call follow up with the customer. But I decided to make an exception in this case receivable to extenuating circumstances.After I had contacted the right departments in order to get the check cleared for release, I made sure to get the check into the mailing queue by the end of the day. I whence called the client back and informed him that his check was honestly in the mail and gave him the routing number for future reference. The client was pleased with my work and thanked me profusely for helping him out. Needless to say, he was one happy client but I had to suffer the penalty of having to explain my actions to my supervisor. Although I had to accept a written warning wedded to my employee file because of my actions,I strongly believe that I did the right thing. In fact, I would not variegate a single action I took that day if I had to do it all again. After all, company policies are in place to protect the company but do not exist to counteract clients from getting their just dues from the company. If a little manipulation of company policy will not dissemble the overall company function, then going that extra mile for the client should only serve to break-dance the person a better partnership experience with the company.

Jade figure of a hound Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jade figure of a hound - Research Proposal ExampleThe artwork is in three dimensional, and it is in the form of a small sculpture. For instance, the artwork is symbolic of the importance given up to domestic animals in Ancient China. Michael Sullivan opined that, To many people Ming means not characterization-for only recently has Ming painting come to be appreciated outside China- but the decorative arts. Besides, one cannot identify any sort of sharp edges on the artwork because the edges are round in shape. The artwork can be divide as dogs head, body, and legs. To be specific, the head is pointed backwards and this fills the viewers mind with enthusiasm. To be specific, the dogs head ( peculiarly the eyes) is the focal point of the artwork because the dog is expecting something and looking backwards. The succeeding(prenominal) instalment in the artwork is the dogs body, and the same is symbolic of the importance of proportion in art. The next element is the legs, symbolic of warmth and peacefulness. In short, the proportionate alignment of mechanicic elements proves that the artwork was produced by an artist who is interested in observing animals, especially their shape and size. The artwork consists of curves, symbolic of the athletic shape of animals, especially among dogs and other domesticated animals. The overall size of the artwork is related to the normal size of a dog. unmatchable can see that the artist did not try to alter the natural colour of jade and the lines and curves on the artwork prove the same. To be specific, the artist made use of jade as a average to produce his artwork.

The Incest of the prime minister in China Essay Example for Free

The Incest of the old subgenus Pastor in China EssayCecilia Leung, 30, the lawyer who has won the case about The Incest of the prime minister in China. She lives in Hong Kong with her husband, Jerry, who is a policeman and their four-year old son Brandon.I dont like mornings I retrieve that I even hate them, so I need to wake up by Jerry all(prenominal) single morning otherwise, I willing sleep late until 1 oclock. Once I entangle that I got to wake up, I will go to the bathroom, turn on the television inside it and agree a nice bath. I usually stay in the toilet until the morning news has finish uped. whence I will go to prepared breakfast, I think that it is very important to dedicate a good breakfast as it is the start of the day so I continuously try to do my best. However, my best do not satisfied my family as most of the time Jerry will erect have toast or milk while Brandon will ask for McDonald if they know that I have wee-wee breakfast for them. So most of the time, I will just stay away from the kitchen. And leave it for my housekeeper to do it.I usually wake Brandon up when breakfast is ready. I find that being a still is not an easy bloodline especially when Brandon is about two months old, he cry all day and night, I cant imagine what I would do if my mum did not help me look later on Brandon for the first two year subsequently he is born, as Jerry and me have never look after a baby before that. Luckily, as time go on, things are getting better. Now I and jerry both enjoy watching our baby son growing up.After breakfast, I usually gravel down on the table, planning what to do for the whole day. After that, it is time for Jerry to go to unravel. Me and Brandon will bye to the car park with Jerry, walk back to our house when he has left. I then leave Brandon with my housekeeper, heavy her what to do for the rest of the day while I am working and set off to work.My job is like a non- stop clock as I am busy all the time. I am working in a big office with 40 people in it. I enjoy being a lawyer as I think that it is a shame to mark off people going into jail if they havent do things wrong as it may simply be just a mistake and my job can help to sort these silly mistakes. Thats why I hump this job as it is like a challenge every time when I get a new case and my aim for the challenge each time is to win. However, I find out things dont always happen as what I wish as I have seen so many customer who havent did any thing wrong but still end up in the jail or even death which gull me get rightfully crossed but I always try to do my best to help them and find out about the truth.Rumour which is created by the magazine is something that really makes me get on my nerve. Since I got famous with the incest case, I start to appear in the magazine I get really happy when I first knew that I was on a magazine article. As soon as I read it, I screamed They said I refused to do certain jobs because they didnt open me enough m oney. Although it is true that I refuse to do a few jobs but it is because those clients who I refused to work for have all commit that they had did something wrong but they just want to use money to make them escape from the punishment. I find that absolutely ridiculous so I refused the job. The imagination of the journalist is so good that they can create those funny stories.So how do I cope with my stress? When I feel really stressful from my work I play with Brandon when I get back fundament or do Tai Ji. Through the movement, it helps me to stretch out my stress. Before I do this, one thing I must do is to check if the balcony door is lock properly otherwise Brandon will come and join me and I will never be able to continue.Jerry is generally back to kinsperson by 8 then we will drive to my parent house to have supper or sometimes I will be tempted to cook for them but Jerry will usually stop disaster from happening. I enjoy being with my family as it makes me feel good when I am with them as I am a person who believe that family is the most important develop for my lifeI start to ramble Brandon into bed at about 10 oclock I always read stories to him to help him go to sleep. thusly it is the time for me and Jerry, we sit in the balcony, admire the view from the window and talk about our day or sometimes we will watch television together.Before I go to sleep, I try to finish off doing my work then I have my eight hour sleep which is the best part of my day.

Random error Essay Example for Free

Random error EssayThe repair resistance that gives me the greatest rove of results is 1000 ?. Interestingly this happens to be the same resistance as the resistance of the thermistor at 25 i C Response time The response time of my sensor depends upon how quickly the thermistor reacts to a change in the temperature of the surrounding environment. The response time of my sensor does not need to be oddly fast under or around ten seconds would be sufficient. This is mainly because the plants in the greenhouse exit not be affected be a short menstruation of time at a slightly cooler temperature than the optimum growing temperature of 25 iC. The thermistor that I am victimisation will be able to detect the temperature in one second or less, a period of time that will not affect the plants. Random error thither is a chance that a random error could occur in my sensor. This however is a small chance, mainly due to the circumstance that the sensor will be working permanently, rather th an taking results every hour for example. Systematic errors There is a possibility that a systematic error could occur in my sensor, these are mainly imbibe to instances such as zero errors, and usually all of the results are affected.In my sensor, temperature could change the resistance of the fixed resistor in the potential divider. I do not think this should be a bother in my sensor though because the sensor will not become hot enough for this to be a factor. Now that I have taken these things into consideration I am going to complete an experiment to find out what the output potential difference will give at authoritative temperatures. I will place the thermistor inside a small coin bag, so that I can put the thermistor into a beaker of urine.Due to water having a high specific kindle capacity, it cools down quite slowly. As a result of this, I will put my thermistor in the bag into a beaker of water. I will read the potential difference across the thermistor at different temperatures of water, starting at 50i C letting the water cool and taking readings every 5i C. When the water temperature reaches about room temperature, I will put some ice cubes into the beaker of water to lower the temperature of the water further. The potential difference output from the lab pack transformer will be 10v.

Gay Marriage Outline Essay Example for Free

ethereal Marriage Outline EssayIn early times, same-sex spousal relationship was non considered taboo and in galore(postnominal) cultures, it was encouraged. Random History (2011) explains that in the early civilizations of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, the jointure between copulates of the same-sex was recognized by the kingdom. During Grecians early years, attraction between a man and an early(a) man was normal and was considered an prospect of love. The main considerations in same-sex relationships in early history were often love, beauty, and excellence of character rather than sexual practice (Random History, 2011, p. 1). Same-sex jointures were often believed to be more pure than a heterosexual marriage. Marriage was believed to be the union of devil great deal ground on love. A marriage consisting of two males or two females, if women had the right to permit married, was non frowned upon. It was non until the rise of Christianity that a negative office to wards same-sex marriage became introduced. The teaching that marriage was based on procreation and any relationship that was non-procreative began to increase in many societies. Random Historys 2011 research describes how Eastern religions varied in their views about homosexual marriages.Japanese Buddhism records the most tolerant attitude toward homosexuality, praising it for its mystery. Today, there ar no unearthly or political limitations on homosexual look in Japan. Sexuality is considered a private matter and lacks any restrictions. The sacred texts in the Hindu tradition, the Vedas, did not restrict homosexuality, but rather viewed it as perverse (Random History, 2011, p.1). Other things, such as mixed die hard relationships were considered more offensive than homosexuality. Random History (2011) overly explains how in the thirteenth century, the first laws banning anal intercourse were introduced and were strictly enforced. Through the next centuries, homosexual carr iage became deviant and was punished. Due to the belief that homosexual behavior was wrong, the belief that heterosexual relationships were normal became popular among the majority of countries. By the nineteenth century, heterosexuality became the most believed ensample for relationships.Although the debate for same-sex marriage became noticeably public in the late twentieth century, it was not until 1993 during a Hawaiian case, that the issue became national refresheds. The ruling of the case stated that the restriction of marriage and its benefits toopposite-sex couples were unconstitutional. The Defense of Marriage Act, which was introduced in 1996, was almost a direct response to the Hawaiian case, decl atomic number 18d that no state would be need to recognize a same-sex marriage from another state, and also defined marriage as a union between whizz man and one woman (Axel-Lute, 2002, p.1). By that same year, a majority of states passed laws prohibiting same-sex marriage. Since then, states feed defined their own definition of marriage. Despite the fact that the debate over same-sex marriage is relatively reinvigorated in the United States, five states have made same-sex marriage legal, as well as capital of the United States D.C.According to the Floridas Domestic Partnership (2010), currently, there be only two states that recognize same-sex marriages, untried York and California. In California, the marriage is only recognized if it was before proposition 8. B totallyot Pedias 2008 research explains how proposition 8 is a statewide ballot proposition in California. The volume of California voted for the illegalization of same-sex marriage. Though some people are against same-sex marriages for religious savvys, not allowing same-sex marriages is discrimination. Same-sex marriages should be legalized because the discrimination same-sex couples receive is emotionally traumatic, and unfair. The most influential reason against same-sex marriage is based on religion. Many people believe that procreation is the ensample reason for marriage. Their belief is that same-sex couples do not have the capability to give rise children which is the basis for marriage. However, when two of the most influential religious icons discussed marriage, child bearing was not a reason for two people to get married.It is highly authoritative that Jesus and Paul, while both referring to the creation story, never once mention procreation or somatic sexual difference in their teaching about marriage (Sullivan, 1997, p.79). Both men stressed how the fictitious character of a relationship was the most serious aspect for marriage. If marriage is reserved for having a child, then same-sex marriages are not an issue. There are countless ways to have a child. Not all of them bar to doing the same thing (Meilander, 1996). Many same-sex couples employ artificial insemination to conceive a child. Liz Tracys 2011 article interviews maria and Vivian, a le sbian couple who were married in New York last year. The two have a 21 year old daughter by artificial insemination. During a marriage ceremony, the churchs only engagement is togive its blessing. The church does not, in fact, marry anyone.People marry each other. The state, not the church, defines the nature of legal marriage (Sullivan, 1997, p.68). Sullivan (1997) also states how the church has blessed fields when crops have been planted, MX missiles, new houses, and warships whose sole purpose is to kill and destroy. There is no reason the church should not bless a relationship in which two people vow to be faithful and love each other for all eternity. Supporters of same-sex marriage believe the bill to allow same-sex marriage should be crafted in a special(prenominal) way that will help win votes from people of faith. The measure would not force religious organizations to contribute marriages to same-sex couples, a move that would make the government benefits of marriage equa l for gay and straight couples but solace allow the sacrament of marriage to be defined by churches (Groeninger, 2012, p.2).If the bill was written and carried out in a certain way, the church would not have any association with same-sex couples getting married because the exhibit would be carried out in a courtroom. The American gay rights movement, which became heated in the 1970s, defined marriage as oppressive, sexist, and a heterosexual institution, according to the National Organization of Womens 2012 studies. By the government prohibiting same-sex couples from getting married, they are denying them rights that every other American has. Marriage is a unique legal status conferred by and recognized by governments all over the world. It brings with it a host of reciprocal obligations, rights and protections (National Organization of Women, 2012, p, 1). There are numerous rights and responsibilities that are associated with marriage. Same-sex couples are being discriminated ag ainst because they are not allowed any of these rights.The National Organization of Womens 2012 research details many of the 1,138 federal rights, protections and responsibilities that come along with marriage, which same-sex couples are denied. Social Security benefits upon death, stultification or retirement of spouse, as well as benefits for minor children, workers compensation protections for the family of a worker wound on the job, exemptions from estate taxes when a spouse dies, exemptions from federal income taxes on spouses health policy are all denied to same-sex couples. The discrimination and denial of marriage and its benefits of same-sex couples can be emotionally traumatic at times. Because literally hundredsof important legal, economic, practical, and social benefits and protections flow directly from marriage, the exclusion from this central social institution wreaks real harm on real life same-sex couples everyday (Sullivan, 1997, p. 129). Same-sex couples are den ied the right to make decisions turn overing their partners health or medical give-and-take. Sullivan (1997) also explains how same-sex couples are not allowed to adopt their partners children or how lesbian mothers are often denied custody of their children.One of the most honey oil arguments against same-sex marriage is societys image of the ideal family. The public acceptance of homosexuality subverts the stability and self-understanding of the heterosexual family (Sullivan, 1997, p.146). Conservatives believe that the ideal family includes one father and one mother. Both of the parents influence their children in a certain way. Many believe that a same-sex couple cannot plague a child properly because the child is not raised with both fatherly and motherly qualities. However, Sullivan (2012) also discusses how even though some parents may be disappointed that their child will not produce a grandchild, they would still prefer to see their child find someone to love and live w ith and bundle his or her life with. If a child is surrounded by two parents who love them, they will generate and grow as any other child would.Many states have legalized civil unions since 2000. Although civil unions raise legal protection to same-sex couples, they are only recognized at the state level. Many believe legalizing same-sex marriage is not an urgent issue because civil unions are becoming legal in more states. bragging(a) same-sex couples the right to visit a loved one in the hospital, make end of life decisions and inherit property through civil unions was considered the middle ground (Groeninger, 2012, p.1). There is a vast amount of differences in a marriage and civil union. Debatepedias 2011 research explains how civil unions are separate and unequal because people in a heterosexual relationship have access to civil unions, yet same-sex couples do not have access to marriage. Civil unions are unequal because they are not recognized state to state. A same-sex c ouple in a civil union is denied the all of the rights that come with marriage. Also, civil unions do not receive any federal benefit.Because the federal government does not respect civil unions, a couple with a civil union will be in a kind of limbo with regard to governmental functionsperformed by both state and federal governments, such as taxation, pension protections, provision of insurance for families, and means-tested programs like Medicaid (National Organization of Women, 2012, p.1). The debate over same-sex marriage will forever rage until it becomes legalized. Same-sex relationships have been a part of history since the ancient times. Not allowing same-sex marriage is discrimination. Couples are denied financial benefits heterosexual couples receive. Same-sex marriage should be legalized so couples will have the right to make decisions regarding their partners health and medical treatment as well as allowing them to adopt one anothers children. Designing the bill a certai n way will enable to church to stay uninvolved, since religious reasons are the most common reason for people being against same-sex marriage. Legalizing same-sex marriages will create equality for all people in a relationship and defeat the injustice among same-sex couples.

Thomas Hardys Beeny Cliff and After Essay Example for Free

Thomas Hardys Beeny driblet and After EssayTwo poems that discuss moments or situations where life can be celebrated atomic number 18 Thomas Hardys Beeny cliff and After get winding in a letter proposals for building a bungalow (Cottage) by John Clare. The poets particularly discuss the beauty of life with regards to the natural world around them and their thoughts on interaction with other people.Nature and features of animals and plants play a large role in these poems displaying their contend of life. In the first stanza of Cottage it is bring uped that grass plats gentleness the door. The use of the word grace is of significance here as this suggests that he feels that his home has been blessed with the presence of nature or that at least he welcomes it.The haughty impact of nature is also evident in the first stanza of Beeny Cliff as he describes the opal and the azure of that wandering western sea. The sea being described with the appearance of precious and bea utiful gemstones shows he is affect by it, as well the alliteration and personification of wandering western which rolls off the tongue paints an kindly picture of the ocean.thither are many other positive natural references with John Clare describing his small enfold garden, flowers that blossom sweet and the sweeping swallows while Thomas Hardy mentions the clear- sunned March day and how the sun bursts a mien again. All of these natural events are ones that the poets obviously enjoy and they have both included them to show the positive image of the times they are writing about.The relationship between the poets and other people has great significance and shows great difference in the way that they enjoy life. From the poems we can deduced that Thomas Hardys time on Beeny Cliff was much better because of the presence of the cleaning lady while John Clare seems to enjoy his time spent alone(predicate) without much in the way of company.There are several points in the poem wher e this is suggested. From the first eviscerate of Cottage the shed is described as my shed. If this was shared with a partner or companion it would read our shed which suggests he is living alone. In the second stanza his door closes tight as wells as locks being a wanted thing to keep thieves out at night which shows that he wants his bungalow to be secure which may seem obvious but as he has dedicated an holy stanza to this, it shows that keeping people out is a priority.The bulk of the poem discusses the presence of nature with no mention of people which alludes to his feeling that nature is enough of a companion for him while the penultimate stanza mentions a press for the books showing off another pass time which allows him to be entertained without company. In an unusual way he is celebrating life because he is describing what would be a perfect existence to him which is one of little serviceman contact while he can revel in literature and nature.This is of course in t elephone draw off to Beeny cliff which would be an entirely different poem without the presence of Hardys female companion.Whereas Clare describes the need to keep a distance between himself and others, Hardy uses his words in describing the woman, painting her as the woman riding proud above with bright hair flapping free. We know that he has strong feelings towards her as in the first stanza he describes her as the woman who I loved so, and who loyally loved me. He also mentions that the woman now is-elsewhere, showing that unlike Clare he cares about not having company of other people.For further recite of love for life in Cottage, ostensibly there is language such as I love summer seat and two uses of the word sweet. In terms of structure it is laid out in symmetrical four line stanzas which match the neat and perfect picture portrayed in the poem. stock-still if you look deeper into the language there are well-nigh subtle religious references.For example the word grace in the first stanza is used which is referenced frequently in Christianity. As well as this the line pin to the wall with nails in the third stanza which may be referring to Jesus Christ being nailed to the cross. There are many other examples which may allude to having religious links. The book cupboard may be for a bible and in the last stanza when he says Ill thank ye for the gift he may be thanking god for nature or life.However these poems are by no means solo stating that life is perfect. Some of the images created show more negative themes such as how nature turns sour and the woman appears to leave Thomas hardy in Beeny Cliff as well as how John Clares images of loneliness and desire control nature could be considered dark and abrasive. However yet another U-turn could be make and opinion could lie in the vein that these slightly darker elements could create a piece of work that resembles strong life in the way that life is never perfect. Perhaps many positive images combine d with some negative ones shows that life should be celebrated because of its challenges.

Environmental pragmatism Essay Example for Free

Environmental naturalism EssayPluralism, environmental realism and eco feminism oppose differing perspectives on the subject of moral ethics. The paper seeks to look into the details surrounding some of these issues and comparisons between them allow for be made. Major principles As the name suggests, eco-feminism refers to a merger between feminism and environmentalism. In separate words, the term refers to a social movement that connects fe priapic oppression and the degradation of temper to similar attitudes that argon related to masculine domination. The last menti unitaryd principle asserts that thither must be some sort of interrelationship between women, race, class and the environment. While the oppression of women may be the main concern inside this bailiwick of study, eco feminism asserts that environmentalism, animal rights, class struggles, age oppressions, human supremacism and racism all have ane affaire in common they all signify oppression set by the sa me social mentality. (Thoma-Slayter Rocheleau, 1995) unitary of the almost interesting aspects about eco feminism is that this particular movement has merged perspectives and views in seemingly distinct fields to come up with a comprehensive analysis of current environmental problems.Eco feminists assert that male land ownership has led to patriarchy hence resulting in a manifestation of the followe environmental problems Viewing animals and land as poppycock resources Abusing land Exploiting people Overgrazing Excessive food export charge when local residents lack adequate food The last mentioned adherents also propose that this abuse of land and environmental degradation has eventually led to female oppression. Such an assertion was made by Thoma-Slayter, B. Rocheleau, D. (1995) in their book Gender, Environment and Development in Kenya McMillan.The latter authors illustrated how exports in this East African country have been driven by a capitalist culture that has led to soil erosion, deforestation, excessive pesticide use and less generative land. In the end, families have been forced to move from such areas and this is especially visible among the women. Other authors involve that the lawsuit why nature has been undergoing excessive degradation is because nature has been treated as something that is only valuable if it has material benefits.Again, such proponents claim that this is the same view held about women that they have little value since they are not the major wealth creators. However, eco-feminists assert that such beliefs are quite misleading owing to the fact that nature is still useful even without mans interference. An example of such a perspective is when one analyzes a forest. The former attitude would assume that a forest is useful for fuel, food and the like. However, even without monkey with it, a forest can still be useful in terms of protecting underseal water, circulating oxygen or providing a habitat for other(a) animals.On the other hand environmental naturalism is founded on the beliefs held within pragmatism that there is no absolute truth in the fulfill of seeking for knowledge. Instead, pragmatists assert that there are only relatively stable ones that assist people in the process of making sense of their reality and their surrounding. Experience plays a central role in pragmatism because through it one can either affirm or reject previously held beliefs about how their world works. Given this background, then it is possible to understand some of the perspectives mold forward by environmental pragmatists.The latter school of thought put forward the idea that the environment forms a central part of our experiences. Consequently, it ineluctably to be held in high regard. It asserts that every part of the environment postulates to be treated with as much seriousness as the next. For instance, oceans are jut as important as deserts or just as important as buildings and bridges. (Lucas , 2002) Environmental pragmatism rejects the notion that man can overcome the realm. Since nature is an important part of ones experience, then it is essential for man to look for the most feasible ways of co-existing with nature.In fact, adherents to this philosophy claim that understanding or cultivating meaning in the earth is quite crucial, however, imagining that man can do anything with nature without dealing with any consequences is self defeating. Additionally, the latter adherents put forward the notion that exerting care within the environment is a crucial element in preserving it. They claim that in the process of determining what constitutes good things or what constitutes right things, it is indeed necessary for human beings to pass environmental ethics through the foundations of certain beliefs and ideas.One can therefore assert that environmental pragmatism has elements of interrelatedness with other concepts. In this regard, there is a connection between eco femin ism and environmental pragmatism owing to the fact it refers to the concept of caring for ones environment. Environmental pragmatism also brings in new concepts of environmental philosophy owing to the fact that it opposes the notion of trying to decide constituents of value.In other words, the latter adherents claim that it is impossible to determine whether man holds greater precedence over nature. Instead, both issues need not be treated as mutually exclusive as they both need one another. (Lucas, 2002) Pluralism on the other hand refers to the acceptance of mutation of thought within ethical endorsements. Adherents to this school of thought claim that it is possible for different perspectives to exist within a particular ethical governing body owing to the fact that morality is an ensemble of many things.This means that nature as it is cannot provide an underlying and good conclusive explanation for things consequently, it is best to settle for a series of explanations that ca n provide a more comprehensive framework for these matters. In this regard, pluralism can be related to eco feminism owing to the fact that the latter theory attempts to merge concepts from different fields. Additionally, environmental pragmatism is another form of pluralism because in the former philosophy, there is the belief that there is more than one way to understand nature. Pluralism can occur in one- trine forms i.e. First order Second order Third order In first order pluralism, environmentalists call up that the value in something can be exposit in more than one way i. e. beauty, diversity etc. In second order pluralism, there is the belief that nature can be described in so many ways that there is no single method that is appropriate. In third order pluralism, there is the belief that other views should be tolerated because it is almost impossible to account for forms of value within nature. In this regard, pluralism advocates for an overlap of explanations. (Lucas, 2002) ConclusionEco feminism is the view that falls in line with my belief system owing to the fact that it is the most practically rooted environmental theory. Additionally, its interrelatedness with other concepts is less airlift than in pluralism or environmental pragmatism. The latter two theories are quite related because of their adherence to numerosity of beliefs.ReferencesLucas, P. (2002) Environmental ethics between inconsequential philosophy and unphilosophical consequesialism Journal of environmental ethics, 24, 353-369 Rocheleau, D. (1995) Gender, Environment and Development in Kenya McMillan.

The ministry of education Essay Example for Free

The ministry of education EssayThe ordinary image of Japan as a homogeneous and harmonious is non nearly as reasonable as it seems. The aspects of Japan which could be argued are of this nature are enforced by twain westward media and the impressions that Nipponese rescript and media gives out. Japanese parliamentary law has eer strived and aspired toward this ideal, to such an extent, that an impressive illusion of homogeneity and accord has been created. This is probably not something which galore(postnominal) native Japanese consciously consider it is more seeming that many of them believe the illusion as ofttimes as Hesperianers do. There is a great deal of ethnical diversity in Japan, which, although greatly increased in the post-war period, was previously more heterogeneous than one power initially imagine. Likewise, the impression of harmony which Japan emits is quite far from the truth in more than a some aspects of society. One of the more recent examples of this conflict within Japanese society is the intermittent ruckus over the politicized nature of the schooltime system. Some see Japan as a land of opposites and contrast. From the antique temples in the middle of nowhere to the gargantuan glass skyscrapers which tower over the metropolis that is Tokyo.The farmer and the city businessman. The fantastic technological advancements which come from a subtlety which still adheres closely to ancient traditions and rituals (some of which have been assimilated from some other cultures, especially the Chinese). However, the Japanese illusion of homogeneity still holds relatively fast over this school of thinking. This is because society itself endeavours to impresses a sense of group effort over the entire nation. This means that an employee in Japan has a greater understanding of the role he or she fills within at least their immediate orbital cavity of work environment.The idea of this is to encourage employees to work for the be nefit of the group (essentially, the nation) and not for their own personal gain. The society of today expressions Japan as a country of strong culture and a disciplined and furnish nature. The Japanese workforce is thought of as hardworking, loyal and verging on selfless when it comes to personal (or family related) sacrifice if required. This applies in general to the Japanese white collar office workers (sarariman), but a similar work ethic is favorite(a) in almost all occupations.Japanese women are generally portrayed as motherly housewives they turn up to play a relatively small part in the business world and are evenly not directly very active in political matters. Those few Japanese women who have been recognised as beneficial to their society and culture have been affiliated with the arts. Japanese family life is viewed as at worst amicable. The offspring are obedient and seem happy to learn about and follow the culture and traditions of the previous generations. Japan ese schooling has proven to be one of the most successful educational styles to date.The Japanese have always put a great emphasis on formal learning, students most often simply memorising information parrot-fashion. Although very different to Western schooling where far more free thought is promoted, Japanese schooling seems very effective for them. With ninety-four percent of students attending senior high school and around a third of these going on to higher education, Japanese Universities turn out a sizeable number of graduates on an annual basis. If you were to ask a random inhabitant of a Western nation what comes to mind when they think of Japan, youll probably get answers along the lines ofSamurai, sushi, sumo and sake. Geishas and gadgets, chopsticks and haikus. Bonsai trees and the expertly crafted gardens which come hand in hand with them Certainly, these are elements of Japanese culture, but they are by no means as enceinte within society as we are led to believe (ch opsticks excluded). For example, there are incredibly few genuine Geisha girls. They have become a piece of heritage which has faded in both functionality and popularity since the technological boom hit Japan. The aforementioned sarariman model is one of the prime images the Japanese choose to utilize to promote their nation in the eyes of the world.Seen as something of the epitome of homogeneity and harmony, the life of the sarariman is very much orientated around his career. Putting his work before his family, the office worker is looked after very surface by his employers if he performs well. Businesses help their employees by finding them accommodation, lending money and even going as far as to set some of them up with wives. As a result of this, the sarariman do not get much chance to spend time with their families, overtime will often if not always be worked where needed and should you be required to transfer department, quite often the families would be odd behind.The comp anies do this in an attempt to increase the employees dependence on the company so they are less likely to seek employment elsewhere which is practically impossible to do. Many hards are reluctant to employ anyone who has left another firm, especially straight onto the same wage. This seems to be something of an unwritten law amongst businesses designed to keep ones employees firm to the company. most Japanese tend to work in one job or for one firm for their entire lives. Again, this reinforces the group ethic which the Japanese government seems to be so eager to impress.History textbooks (particularly concerning the twentieth Century war periods) are something of tomes of propaganda which, instead of presenting facts and deriving opinions from such facts, the opposite is done. That is, to present a acknowledge on a historical event and then to attempt to support this usually biased view with carefully chosen statistics. The Japanese seem very reluctant to admit to mistakes from their past, and have gone as far as to pass a law which states that all educational textbooks must be sanctioned by the Ministry of Education.

Memories by Trilokesh Mukherjee Essay Example for Free

Memories by Trilokesh Mukherjee EssayThe poem Memories is by an Indian poet called Trilokesh Mukherjee. The poet grew up in India and this influences the poem, he brings his culture into the poem by using imagery and senses and early(a) literary devices.Also, he refers to the Gods from the Hindu religion and mythology. Hindu religion, mythology and family are all very principal(prenominal) to the Indian people and this is all shown in the poem when they are sitting around the fire at darkness. The beginning of this poem is childhood memories and how they are still strong in the poets mind. The setting of this poem is in the even out/night time and this is shown by the fact that all the creatures that are mentioned are nocturnal like the night owls. The meal was shared with all the children. This shows us that everybody is included, and there is a sense of togetherness in this community. The poet ingestions senses to help cay a picture in the readers head. He uses smell wi th smelled the smoke of the fire, the food being cooked, the smell of the rice.This is think to make the reader feel relaxed and get a home feeling and feel delightful. Next, the poet uses sights. Glow worms added friendly firework sparks on the dark piece of assvas. The poet wants the readers to see a magical world through a kids eyes, and the air worms are like fireworks going on. It is like the poet is bringing his dark canvas to life. Thirdly, Mukherjee uses sounds to give us an creative thinker of what we can hear, the poet uses onomatopoeia and gives us three examples of what the reader can hear.untiring chirping of the crickets and nightjars, hooting of night owls, howling of distant jackals. in that respect argon four different animals here and it could be that they are forming like a band, like the sounds of the night. There is similarly another example that again, makes the reader feel calm and relaxed. It is her reassuring voice. This shows us that Grandmother make s him feel condom and calm.There are many different ideas for tone in this poem. There is fascination, where the poet as child and his friends remove heard the stories so many times, yet still want to hear more about it again and again. Again and again is emphasising on the repetition of the story. There is also excitement from the little kids. and then, GrandmaAlthough, they already know what was going to happen since they have heard the storybefore. The poet brings in his culture again, and the reader can tell that culture is very classical to the poet and also that he is proud of it. When he uses the adjectives valiant and marvelous to describe the Gods from the Hindu religion/ mythology.Towards the end of the poem, the tone of the poem gets sad, when the poet states Grandmother is no more. But, even though he said that, he says I can still hear her voice. This shows us how strong the poets memories are. There is then comfort when the poet said, I need only shut my eyes to hea r the whispering.This shows us that he goes back an remembers the scene/ setting of the poem, which could be his happy place. The main message for the poem is that the importance and military unit of the memories. When he states Thats what the memories are about. This suggests that Mukherjee uses his childhood memories as a comfort zone.The language of the poem is also important in the way they describe the memories. In line 1-3 you can straight away realise that the poet uses the joint pronoun We This draws the reader into the poem, making them feel part of the poem. It shows the memories of all the family being together, almost like an autobiography. The poet used vowel rhyme of the I sound in untiring chirping of crickets its brings the sound viable(predicate). Also the metaphor in the third line, it suggests the last word of the glow worms. It is almost like a child-like description of the magic of the moment.In lines 4-5, the poet again uses senses to remind him of the me mories from his childhood with his Grandmother. Smelled the smoke. The smell of rice. The smell of rice reminds him of the warmth of the house since rice is more of an Indian cultured food. Mukherjee uses ellipsis at the end of line 5, like a dramatic pause which takes us to another dress of the memory which is his Grandmother telling stories to the children.In lines 6-9, after the dramatic pause, the poet uses the phrase Much later, this gives us the judgement that the meal and the story telling lasted all night. Grandmothers reassuring voice makes her sound like a comfort and loving figure, which could be why this could be his favourite childhood memory and why he dialogue about it. There is also a paradox used Far away, unknown, yet familiar, this shows that the stories were extraordinary for the children.In lines 10-13, the children (including the poet) are always hungry to hear the story and are never really satisfied with it. The use of dialogue, exclamation marks and que stion marks, show the reader the excitement of the children listening to the story. In lines 14-17, Grandmother brought their dreams alive with her wonderful storytelling and this suggests again, why this could be their favourite childhood memory with their Grandmother.In conclusion, the poet brings out the main field of the poem which is his childhood memories and by doing so, he is influenced by his culture and surroundings. Trilokesh Mukherjee uses imagery (senses mostly) and metaphors to bring his poem alive and its in the past and then towards the end its comes back to the present. This shows us that the poet is now back to reality. The poet thinks that memories are important and that they take us back to he things that really matter in life which is true and in this case it would be, taking him back, to when he was a young boy and how he and his friends would sit around the up to(p) fire and listen to his Grandmother tell stories after a meal.

Strategic Management Essay Example for Free

Strategic Manage rifleforcet EssayUnilever is wiz of the worlds oldest transnational companies. Its origin goes rearward to the 19th century when a group of companies operating independently, produced gunks and margarine. In 1930, the companies merged to cast of characters Unilever that diversified into food fruits in 1940s. Through the next five decades, it emerged as a study fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) multinational operating in whatsoever(prenominal) creasees. In 2004, the Unilever 2010 strategical computer program was put into action with the mission to process vitality to life and to meet everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene and personal c atomic soma 18 with brands that help the great unwashed feel good, look good, and get more out of life. The corporate scheme is of decocting on bore businesses of food, plateful c be and personal cargon. Unilever operates in more than 100 countries, has a turnoer rate of 39.6 billion and net profit of 3.685 b illion in 2006 and derives 41 per cent of its income from the come along uping and emerging economies around the world.It has 179,000 employees and is a culturally-diverse organisation with its top vigilance coming from 24 nations. Internationalisation is ground on the principle of local anaesthetic roots with global scale aimed at becoming a multi-local multinational. The genesis of Hindustan Unilever (HUL) in India, goes back to 1888 when Unilever exported Sunlight soap to India. Three Indian, subsidiaries came into existence in the period 1931-1935 that merged to form Hindustan Lever in 1956. Mergers and acquisitions of Lipton (1972), Brooke Bond (1984), Ponds (1986), TOMCO (1993), Lakme (1998) and Modern Foods (2002) agree resulted in an organisation that is a conglomerate of several businesses that pitch been continually restructured over the years. HUL is one of the freehanded-scalest FMCG come with in India with issue forth gross sales of Rs. 12,295 crore and ne t profit of 1855crore in 2006. on that point ar over 15000 employees, including more than 1300 managers.The present corporate dodging of HUL is to focus on nitty-gritty businesses. These core businesses argon in home and personal care and food. at that place are 20 diffe ingest consumer categories in these two businesses. For instance, home and personal care is made up of personal wash, laundry, skin care, hair care, unwritten care, deodorants, colour cosmetics and ayurvedic personal and health care, firearm food businesses have tea, coffee, ice creams and processed food brands. away from the two product divisual sensations, at that place areseparate departments for special(prenominal)ty exports and new bet ons. Strategic management at HUL is the responsibility of the board of directors headed by a chairman. in that location are five independent and five whole-time directors. The in operation(p) management is looked after by a management commission comprising of Vice C hairman, CEO and managing director and decision maker directors of the two business di visual senses and operating(a) areas. The divisions have a mete out of machinenomy with dedicated as dictateds and imaginativenesss.A divisional committee having the executive director and heads of sections of sales, commercial and manu incidenturing looks after the business level decision- do. The functional-level management is the responsibility of the functional head. For instance, a marketing manager has a group of brand managers looking after the individual brands. in addition the de pro set in motionised divisional structure, HUL has centralised some functions such as finance, human resource management, research, technology, information technology and corporate and legal affairs. Unilever globally and HUL nationally, operate in the amplyly competitive FMCG markets. The consumer markets for FMCG products are finicky its difficult to create guests and untold more difficult to retai n them. Price is often the central tinge in a consumer purchase decision requiring producers to be on continual guard against cost increases. gross sales and distribution are critical functions organisationally. HUL operates in such a milieu. It has strong rivalrys such as the multinationals Procter Gamble, Nivea or LOreal and formidable local companies such as, Amul, Nirma or the Tata FMCG companies to contend with.Rivals have copied HULs strategies and tactical maneuvers, especially in the area of marketing and distribution. Its innovations such as new style packaging or distribution through with(predicate) women entrepreneurs are much valued but similarly copied relentlessly, hurting its competitive advantage. HUL is identified closely with India. There is a ring of truth to its vision statement to earn the love and respect of India by making a real difference to every Indian. It has an impeccable record in corporate companionable responsibility. There is an element of no stalgia associated with brands like Lifebuoy (introduced in 1895) and Dalda (1937) for senior citizens in India. Consequently Indians have always perceived HUL as an Indian caller-up rather than a multinational. HUL has attempted to align its strategies in the past to the special needs of Indian business environment. Be it marketing orhuman resource management, HUL has experimented with new ideas conform to to the local context.For instance, HUL is known for its capabilities in rural marketing, effective distribution systems and human resource phylogenesis. scarce this focus on India seems to be changing. This might indicate a change in the strategic posture as well as recognition that Indian markets have matured to the extent that they can be dealt with by the global strategies of Unilever. At the corporate level, it could also be an attempt to leverage global scale while retaining local responsiveness to some extent. In line with the shift in corporate strategy, the focus of s trategic decision-making seems to have fall upond from the subsidiary to the headquarters. Unilever has suppose a new global realignment under which it will develop brands and streamline product offerings across the world and the subsidiaries will sell the products. Other subtle indications of the shift of decision-making way could be the appointment of a British CEO after nearly forty years during which there were Indian CEOs, the changed focus on a limited number of multinational brands rather than a large range of local brands developed over the years and the name-change from Hindustan Lever to Hindustan Unilever.The shift in the strategic decision-making top executive from the subsidiary to headquarters could however, prove to be double-edged sword. An example could be of HUL adopting Unilevers global strategy of focussing on a limited number of products, called the 30 power brands in 2002. That seemed a dead sensible strategic decision aimed at focusing managerial attenti on to a limited found of high-potential products. nevertheless one consequence of that was the HULs strong position in the niche soap and detergent markets suffering owing to neglect and the competitors were quick to take advantage of the opportunity. Then there are the statistics to deal with HUL has nearly 80 per cent of sales and 85 per cent of net profits from the home and personal care businesses. Globally, Unilever derives half its r stock- tranquilizeues from food business.HUL does not have a strong position in the food business in India though the food processing industry remains quite amiable both in hurt of local consumption as well as export markets. HULs own strategy of offering low-price, competitive products may also suffer at the cost of Unilevers emphasis on premium priced, high end products sold through modern outlets. There are some dark clouds on the horizon. HULs latest pecuniarys are not satisfactory. Net profit is overthrow,sales are sluggish, input costs have been rising and new food products introduced in the market have yet to pick up. All this while, in one market segment after an new(prenominal), a competitor pushes ahead. In a company of such a big size and over-powering presence, these might still be minor events developments in a long history that needs to be taken in stride. But, pessimistically, they could also be pointers to what may come.Questions1. State the strategy of Hindustan Unilever in your own words. 2. At what different levels is strategy formulated in HUL?3. Comment on the strategic decision-making at HUL.4. Give your opinion on whether the shift in strategic decision-making from India to Unilevers headquarters could prove to be advantageous to HUL or not.CASE 2 THE strategical ASPIRATIONS OF THE RESERVE BANK OF INDIAThe Reserve Bank of India (run batted in) is Indias central bank or the bank of the bankers. It was completed on April 1, 1935 in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1935. The Central Office of the RBI, initially set up at Kolkata, is at Mumbai. The RBI is fully owned by the Government of India. The history of RBI is closely aligned with the economic and pecuniary history of India. Most central banks around the world were completed around the beginning of the twentieth century. The Bank was established on the basis of the Hilton Young Commission. It began its operations by taking over from the Government the functions so far being performed by the Controller of Currency and from the purplish Bank of India, the management of Government accounts and public debt. After independence, RBI gradually strengthened its institution-building capabilities and evolved in terms of functions from central banking to that of development. There have been several attempts at reorganisation, restructuring and creation of specialised institutions to cater to emerging needs.The preamble of the RBI hounds its basic functions like this .to regulate the issue of Ban k Notes and keeping of reserves with a figure to securing monetaryst capacity in India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage. The vision states that the RBI .aims to be a leading central bank with credible, transparent, proactive and contemporaneous policies and seeks to be a catalyst for the emergence of a globally competitive financial system that helps deliver a high quality of life to the people in the country. The mission states that RBI seeks to develop a sound and businesslike financial system with monetary stability conductive to balanced and sustained growth of the Indian deliverance.The corporate values of underlining the mission statement include public care, integrity, excellence, independence of views and responsiveness and dynamism. The iii areas in which objectives of the RBI can be stated are as below. 1. Monetary policy objectives such as containing inflation and promoting economic growth, management of foreign exchange reserves and making currency available. 2. Objectives set for managing financial sector developments such as supervision of systems and information access and assisting banking and financial institutions to become competitive globally.3. Organisational development objectives such as development of economic research facilities, creating information system for supporting economic decision-making, financial management and human resource management. Strategic actions taken to realise the objectives fall under four categories 1. The discombobulate area of monetary policy formulation and managing financial sector 2. Evolving the legal framework to support the laggard area 3. Customer dish out for providing support and creation of positive relationship and 4. Organisational support such as structure, systems, human resource development and adoption of modern technology. The major functions performed by the RBI are acting as the monetary authority Acting as the regulator and su pervisor of the financial system Discharging responsibilities as the manager of foreign exchange Issue currency Play as developmental post think functions such as acting as the banker to the government and scheduled banks The management of the RBI is the responsibility of the central board of directors headed by the governor and consisting ofdeputy governors and separate directors, all of whom are appointed by the government. There are four local boards ground at Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai and New Delhi. The day-to-day management of RBI is in the hands of the executive directors, managers at various levels and the support module. There are round 22000 employees at RBI, works in 25 departments and training colleges. The RBI identified its strengths and weaknesses as under. Strengths A large body of suitable officers and staff access to key data on the economy wide organisational network with 22 regional offices established infrastructure ability to attract talent and financial self sufficiency. Weaknesses Structural rigidity, lack of answerableness and slow decision-making eroded specializer know-how strong employee unions with rigid industrial relations stance surplus staff and weak market intelligence. Over the years, the RBI has evolved in terms of structure and functions, in response to the role assigned to it. There have been sweeping changes in the economic, social and political environment.The RBI has had to respond to it even in the absence of a systematic strategic intention. In 1992, the RBI, with the assistance of a private consultancy unfluctuating, embarked on a massive strategic planning exercise. The objective was to establish a roadmap to redefine RBIs role and to review internal organisational and managerial efficacy, address the changing expectations from external stakeholders and reposition the bank in the global context. The strategic planning exercise was buttressed by departmental position papers and documents on various subject s such as technology, human resources and environmental trends. The strategic plan of the RBI emerged with four sections traffic with the statement of mission, objectives and policy, a review of RBIs strengths and weaknesses and strategic actions required with an implementation plan.The strategic plan reiterates anticipation of evolving external environment in the medium-term revisiting strengths and weaknesses (evaluation of capabilities) and doing away with the outdated mandates for enhancing efficiency in operations in furtherance of best public interests. The results of these efforts are likely to manifest in attaining a visible focus, strengthen proficiency, realisation of shared sense of purpose, optimising resource use and build-up of momentum to achieve goals. Historically, the RBI adopted the time-tested technique of responding to external environment in a pragmaticmanner and making piecemeal changes. The predicament in adoption of a comprehensive strategic plan was the risk of trading off the flexibleness of the pragmatic approach to creating rigidity imposed by a set poser of planning.Questions1. Consider the vision and mission statements of the Reserve Bank of India. Comment on the quality of both these statements. 2. Should the RBI go for a systematic and comprehensive strategic plan in place of its earlier pragmatic approach of responding to environmental events as and when they occur? Why?CASE 3 THE INTERNATIONALISATION OF KALYANI GROUPThe Kalyani crowd is a large family-business group of India, employing more than 10000 employees. It has diverse businesses in engineering, steel, forgings, motorcar components, non-conventional energy and specialty chemicals. The annual turnover of the Group is over US$2.1 billion. The Group is known for its impressive internationalisation achievements. It has nine manufacturing locations spread over six countries. Over the years, it has established joint ventures with many global companies such as ArvinM eritor, USA, Carpenter engineering science Corporation, USA, Hayes Lemmerz, USA and FAW Corporation, China. The flagship company of the Group is Bharat Forge Limited that is claimed to be the second largest forging company in the world and the largest nationally, with about 80 per cent share in axle and engine components. The other major companies of the Group are Kalyani Steels, Kalyani Carpenter Special Steels, Kalyani Lemmerz, Automotive Axles, Kalyani Thermal Systems, BF Utilities, Hikal Limited, Epicenter and Synise Technologies The emphasis on internationalisation is reflected in the vision statement of the Group where two of the five points relate to the Group trying to be a world-class organisation and achieving growth aggressively by accessing global markets.The Group is led by Mr. B.N. Kalyani, who is considered to be the major force behind the Groups aggressive internationalisation drive. Mr. Kalyani joined the Group in 1972when it was a small-scale diesel engine compone nt business. The corporate strategy of the Group is a combination of concentration of its core competence in its business with efforts at building, nurturing and sustaining mutually beneficial partnerships with alinement partners and customers. The value of these partnerships essentially lies in collaborative product development with the partners who are the original equipment manufacturers. The foreign partners are not intended to allow for expansion in capacity, but to enable the Kalyani Group to extend its global marketing reach.In achieving its successful status, the Kalyani Group has followed the path of integration, extending from the upstream steel making to downstream machining for auto components such as crank-shafts, front axle beams, steering knuckles, cam-shafts, connecting rods and rocker arms. In all these products, the Group has tried to exit up the value chain instead of providing just the raw forgings. In the 1990s, it undertook a restructuring exercise to shipsh ape its un colligate businesses such as television and video products and concentrate on its core business of auto components. Four factors are supposed to have influenced the growth of the Group over the years. These are mentioned below instruction on core businesses to maximise growth potential Attaining aggressive cost savings Expanding geographically to build global capacity and establishing leading positions Achieving external growth through acquisitionsThe Group companies are claimed to be positioned at either number one or two in their respective businesses. For instance, the Group claims to be number one in forging and machined components, axle aggregates, wheels and alloy steel. The technology used by the Group in its mainline business of auto components and other businesses, is claimed to be state-of-the-art. The Group invests in forging technology to enhance efficiency, doing quality and design capabilities. The Groups emphasis on technology can be gauged from the fa ct that in the 1990s, it took the risky decision of investing Rs. 100 crore in the then latest forging technology, when the total Group turnover was barely Rs. 230 crore. Information technology is applied for product development, reducing production and product development time, supply-chain management and marketing of products.The Group lays high emphasis on research and development for providing engineering support,advanced metallurgical analysis and latest testing equipment in tandem with its high-class manufacturing facilities. Being a top-driven group, the pattern of strategic decision-making within seems to be entrepreneurial. There was an attempt to formulate a five-year strategic plan in 1997, with the participation of the company executives. But no much is mentioned in the business press about that collaborative strategic decision-making after that. Recent strategic moves include Kalyani Steels, a Group company, entering into a joint venture agreement in may 2007, with Gerd au S.A. Brazil for installation of rolling mills. An attempt to move out of the mainstream forging business was made when the Group strengthened its position in the prospective business of wind energy through 100 per cent acquisition of RSBconsult GmbH (RSB) of Germany. Prior to the acquisition, the Group was just a wind farm operator and supplier of components.Questions1. What is the motive for internationalisation by the Kalyani Group? Discuss.2. Which typeface of international strategy is Kalyani Group adopting? Explain.CASE 4 THE STORY OF SYNERGOS UNFOLDSSynergos is a young management and strategy consulting firm based at Mumbai. It was established in 1992 at a time when there were a lot of expectations among the industry people from the liberalisation policies that were started the previous year by the Government of India. The consulting firm is an entrepreneurial venture started by Urmish Patel, a dynamic person who worked with a multinational consulting firm at the time. He unexpended his comfortable position there to venture into the management consultancy industry. The motivation was to be the master of his own heap rather than being an employee working for others. Urmish comes from an upper middle-class Gujarati family, settled in a small town in Rajasthan. His father was a government servant who retired with a meagre pension. His mother is a housewife. His other siblings are all educated and well-settled in theirrespective careers and professions.Urmish is a creative individual, uncomfortable with the status-quo. During his student long time at a college at Jaipur, he was continually coming up with bright ideas that some of his friends found to be preposterous. To him, however, these were perfectly achievable ideas. He studied biotechnology and then went to the US on a scholarship to do his Masters. After a semester at a well-known university there, he lost interest and switched to pursue an MBA. He liked it and soon settled down to work with a n American consultancy firm and toured several countries on varied assignments during the seven years he worked there. In 1992 came the urge to Urmish to chuck his job and be on his own. It was risky, yet an exciting step to take. His accumulated capital was limitedjust enough to rent office space, buy a few computers and hire an assistant. There were no consultancy assignments for the low gear three months.But an acquaintance soon came to his aid, introducing him to the CFO of a major family business group who needed advice on a performance improvement project they wanted to launch. The opportunity came in handy though the returns were nothing to economise home about. That project was the first step to many more that came gradually. Synergos started gaining presence in the competitive management consultancy industry and attracting attention from the people whom they worked for. Word-of-mouth publicity led them from one project to another for the first three years till 1995. Syner gos took up whatever came its way, delivering a cost-effective solution to its clients. A team of four had formed by now, each member of the team specialising in run rendered to the clients.For instance, one of the members is a specialist in engineering projects, while another has expertise finance. The third one is a utility sector specialist, also having experience in traffic with government matters. The phase of rapid growth started some time in 1995 when the Synergos team decided to focus on the small and medium enterprises (SMEs). These were firms that realised they had problems needing specialist advice, but were apprehensive to approach the big firms on account of their limited outlay and inexperience of dealing with such firms. Synergos came to their aid by tailoring their operate as near as possible to their needs. another(prenominal) differentiation platform Synergos offered to its client was a fully-integrated consultancy service where it got involved right from the s tage of planning down to its implementation and monitoring.Presently, Synergos has grown to be a medium-sized consultancy firm, serving clients in India and abroad, working for industries ranging from auto components to financial services and for manufacturing organisations to service providers. Some-how, nearly half of the assignments it has worked on have been for mid-sized, upcoming, family-owned businesses, a niche it has served well. These organisations typically need a boutique sort of consultancy that can offer customised services dealing with a broad range of practices related to strategy, organisation design, mergers and acquisitions and operational matter such as logistics and supply-chain management. Synergos fits in with their requirements owing to its personalised service and mediocre commission structure.The organisational structure at Synergos has a board at the top, consisting of seven people, including the four founding members and three independent directors. One of the independent directors is the chairman of the board. Urmish, as the founder CEO, also heads an executive management committee with each of the founding members, leading three other top-level committees dealing with business portfolio, service management and executive recruitment. The management team is called the professional group. The rest of the employees are referred to as the staff. The professional group has young women and men who are graduates from some of the best institutions in India and abroad. They are assigned to taskforces based on their qualifications, experience and interests. The departmentation at Synergos is flexible, based on an interplay of the three categories skill, service and specialty. For instance, a professional may have IT skills, may have worked to provide supply-chain management services and developed expertise in handling operational assignments for medium-sized food and drinkable firms. There is a lot of multi-tasking however, to utilise the wide range of skills and special expertise that the professionals have.For administrative matters, the professionals are assigned to client-service departments of industry solutions, enterprise solutions and technology solutions. The flexibility that such an organisational arrangement affords seems to have been the major movement for the evolution of the organisation structure at Synergos over the years. The staff group of employees consists of the support people who provide a variety of services to the professionals. Amongthese are research assistants, industry analysts, documentation experts and secretarial staff. There is no set pattern for assignment of staff to the administrative departments and generally, a need-based approach is followed, depending on the workload at a particular time. Recruitment for professionals is stringent. Synergos typically looks for a good combination of education and experience and lays much emphasis on the compatibility of the prospective employee with the shared values. Creativity, broad range of professional interests, intellectual acumen, team-working and physical physical fitness to undertake demanding tasks and work for long hours are the criteria for hiring.There are not many training opportunities keep out the on-the-job learning. New professionals are assigned to a mentor for some time till they are ready to handle assignments autonomously. The staff members are usually recruited from fresh graduates, with good degrees from reputed institutions, in arts, sciences and commerce. The staff positions are also open for persons wanting to work on part-time or project-bases. Emphasis is given to the ability of the prospective staff to undertake multi-tasking and work with documentation and word processing and presentation software packages. The wages system consists of a base salary with commission and bonus depending on performance.There are other usual elements such as medical reimbursement, loan facility and gratuity a nd retirement benefits. the performance idea is informal, with at least one of the four founding members being part of the evaluation committee for a professional. Usually, the founding member closest to the work area of the employee is involved in determining the rewards to be given. The time-cycle for approximation is one year. Management control is discreet and performance-based rather than behaviour-based. The means for control are informal, such as direct supervision.Urmish is a strong proponent of the emergent strategy and is not in favour of binder Synergos to a fixed strategic posture. So are the other founder members, though at propagation they do talk about deciding on a niche such as SME organisations as clients and enterprise solutions as the core competence. In the highly fragmented consultancy industry where it is possible for even one person to set up an office in a commercial area and leverage connections to gear up projects, Synergos is open to opportunities as they emerge, while trying to maintain the flexibility that has made it successful till now.Questions1. mark the type of organisation structure being used at Synergos and explain how it works. What are the benefits of using this type of structure? What are the pitfalls?2. Express your opinion about whether the structure is in line with the recruitments of the strategy that Synergos is implementing.3. ground on the information related to the information, control and reward systems available in the case, examine whether these systems are provide for the type of strategy being implemented.CASE 5 EXERCISING STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL CONTROLS AT iGATE planetary SOLUTIONSThe Bangalore-based iGATE Global Solutions is the flagship company of iGATE Corporation, a NASDAQ-listed US-based corporation. Known earlier as Mascot Systems, it was set up in India in 1993, to offer staffing services. It acquired business process outsourcing (BPO) and contact centre businesses in 2003, making it an end-to-end IT and ITES service provider. Its service portfolio includes consulting, IT services, data analytics, enterprise systems, BPO/BSP, contact centre and infrastructure management services. iGATE has over 100 active clients and centres based in Canada, China, Malaysia, India, the UK and the US. Chairman, Ashok Trivedi and CEO Phaneesh Murthy, an ex-Infosys IT professional and their partners hold a major stake, with some participation by institutional and public investors. The revenues for 2006-2007 are over Rs. 805 crore and net profits, Rs. 49.6 crore. The corporate strategies of iGATE are offering integrated IT services and divesting the bequest IT staffing business and possibly making acquisitions in the domain expertise for financial services businesses.The business strategy is focused differentiation based on the focal points of testing, infrastructure management and enterprise solutions. The competitive tactic is avoiding head-on competition with the formidable larger p layers in theindustry by carving out a niche. The business definition is serving large customers and staying away from sub-contracting work. iGATE adopts a differentiation business specimen based on an integrated technology and operations model which it calls as the iTOPS model.This is an advancement over the prevalent model in the ITES industry based on low-cost arbitrage model. iTOPS is based on transaction-based pricing for services and supporting the clients by providing the platform, processes and services. The strategic evaluation and control has both the elements of strategic as well as operational controls. The functional and operational implementation is aimed at achieving four sets of objectives a) Shifting from small customers to large customer ( helping 1000 companies) b) Shifting away from stocking to project-consulting assignments c) Working directly with clients rather than with system integrators d) Moving from a local to international marketsSome illustrations of t he performance indicators that reflect these objectives are 1. On-shore versus off-shore mix of business revenues In 2004, this ratio was 5545 and in 2007, it has improved to 2773, indicating a much high revenue generation from off-shore business. 2. heraldic bearing rates Revenue charged from clients on assignments. With project consulting assignments from off-shore clients, where the revenues are typically higher, with lower costs and higher productivity in India, the realisations from billing have to be higher. The industry norms for ITES are US$18-25 per hour for off-shore and US$ 55-65 per hour for on-shore assignments. 3. The number of large clients from Fortune 1000 companies Presently, iGATE has nearly half of its more than 100 clients from Fortune 1000 companies, of which the top 10 account for 70 per cent of its business. 4. Controlling employee costs This is an area where contrive effort is required from the HR and finance functions.Hiring less experience employees lo wers the compensation bill. In the IT and ITES industry, attracting and retaining well-qualified and experienced employees is a critical success factor. The performance indicator for this objective is the cost per employee. 5. Human resource poetic rhythm such as the hiring and attrition rates In the IT and ITES industry, the human resource metrics such as hiring and attrition rates are critical indicators.Increasing the number of employees and lowering the attrition rate by retaining the employees is a big challenge. There are presently about 5800 employees, likely to go up to 8500 in the next two years. The attrition of 20 per cent presently at iGATE is on the higher side. But such attrition is common in the industry where the employee mobility is high and employee pinching a widespread trend.The human resource management function being critical in an industry where so many challenges exist, needs a strong emphasis on training and development, motivation, autonomy and attractive incentives. iGATE has an integrated people management model focusing on developing technical, behavioural and leadership competencies. The three metrics by which the HR function is assessed are human capital index, work culture and employee affective commitment. The reward system at iGATE consists of meritable employees across all levels being granted restricted stock options, thus providing an incentive to remain with the company till they become due. The company, though, is an average paymaster, which disadvantage it tries to trade-off offering a more challenging work environment, quicker promotions and chances for practising innovation. Critics say that that iGATE lacks the big-brand appeal of the larger players such as Infosys and Wipro, cannot compete on scale and is still under the shadow of its original business of body-shopping IT personnel.Questions1. Analyse the iGATE case to highlight how it could apply some of the strategic controls such as premise control, implementati on control, strategic surveillance and special alert control.2. Analyse and describe the process of setting of standards at iGATE.3. Give your opinion on the effectiveness of the role of reward system in exercising HR performance management at iGATE and suggest what improvements are possible, given the environmental conditions in the IT/ITES industry in India at present.