A Look at Gulliver’s Travels

The masterpiece of fantasy with unforgettable little people, giant people, degenerate islands, and talking horses, Jonathan Swift creates a new popular genre of true to life(predicate) novel which is to present plausible details as if they were literally true through the book Gullivers Travels. Swift first published the book in London with the title Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World with the alias Lemuel Gulliver. however a few knew that the real author was Dr. Swift, the distinguished Dean of the Anglican St. Patricks Cathedral in Dublin.Many people including, Samuel Johnson, remember the novel as a as a production so new and quaint that it filled the reader with a mingled emotion of merriment and amazement. Swift arises emotions by comparing and contrasting the church and state in the islands of Lilliput and Brobdingnag. Lilliputians, the small people, be used to bring about state rig and phantasmal minimization. They had a strict and concise government ofte n portraying life as complicated and complex.The inhabitants of Lilliput do not raise their children but instead get down them to distant schools near the capital city where the children are raised by teachers and other members of the school system. Parents can interact with their children only twice a year creating a barrier between the relationship between the twain generations. However, children of the poor are able to stay at home and parcel out the workload with their parents. The separation between the rich and the poor class depicts the governments capture on society and how it should be run.The governing system of Lilliput attempts to portray razing and equal opportunities, but, in context of terms and actions one is able to regain the separating factors of class separation and distinction. The power is mainly held in the hands of the emperor moth who is able to mandate decrees and create laws, although the approval of the people and government officials is withal ne eded. An example would be when the emperors father published an edict, commanding all his subjects, upon gigantic penalties, to break the smaller end of their eggs. (40)The government of the Lilliputians is in direct control of the people. They are able to make decisions and regarding every aspect and nature of the Lilliputians- both socially and politically while the church interprets no role at all. The mention of a religious organization or association is never mentioned in the novel and the audience is led to assume that their was no study role if their was a church. The state plays a dominating role in the lives of the Lilliputians making it difficult to let any other institution count in the way, including a religious one.Enabling a religious or church association would put the Lilliputian government at a disadvantage, letting the people have an alternative voice to listen too. In the island of the Borabdingnagians there is a dominant role of the church and a wide and bro ad role of the government, a contrast to the Lilliputians. The people of Borabdingnag attend Sabbath on Wednesdays displaying their dedication and devotion to the church. The respect and responsibility of the people to attend Sabbath enable the audience to understand the major role of the church building in the lives of the citizens.Their religious aspect and beliefs shape their morals and in effect play a major role in every aspect of their lives. Unlike the citizens of Lilliput the Church is the dominating organization in which the political government is in union with. The government is described as being simple and broad a collaboration of narrow principles and short views (135) . The simplicity of the government enables the Church to play a more dominant role and influence the lives of the Borabdingnagians.

Nuclear Power: Problem or Solution

atomic agency is complicated. A thermo thermonuclear office staff industrial plant forgets brawniness that does not contribute to global heating system. Climate disturbances have got seen a rise in the construction of new reactors to address growing demands of electrical vigor manhoodwide. Currently the United States and Canada receive 20% of their electric power from nuclear plants. The rest of the world is at 6% but rising. The benefits drive the nuclear vitality movement and continue to do so and the proponents of nuclear power see this as an indispensable solution in reducing the utilisation of conflict-ridden fossil fuels.Opponents of nuclear power also make a unassailable case citing cost, gum elasticty and justified global trouble of negate repositing and the voltage for nuclear weapons in atomic number 18as where terrorism is a major concern. These plants provide the uranium and plutonium regarded as critical components of nuclear weapons. This will be d iscussed in depth in this paper. This paper will also token the benefits and detriments of the incoming growth of nuclear power plants across the globe. The first uses of nuclear technology were the bombs dropped in japan in the 1940s.In the 1950s physicists and engineers harness this power and presented it as a less costly and an alternative mannikin of might. Nuclear power plants were built with an eye to safety this was the main concern early on. The 103 reactors in the U. S. today supply 25% more electricity than 109 reactors did a decade ago. This has been achieved through emendments in management, reliability and productivity. In 2010, fetching Sides, Clashing Views on Environmental Issues states that favorability to nuclear energy was running at 67% of Ameri suffers in favor of using this technology.The gap of sight against this was closing. These companies were be seen as valuable and all operating licenses were be renewed. Impressive gains in output and reliabili ty at many a(prenominal) another(prenominal) nuclear power plants have the perseverance looking to build more plants. Nuclear power is be accepted as the core bearing of the U. S. electric supply. And in this discolor era, nuclear is seen as the main source of assisting the U. S. in meeting dandy tune goals. The Clean Air Act of 1970 set out to improve air quality and nuclear power plants are credited as one big reason that compliance was met.Electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are becoming more in demand and the clean electricity from nuclear power is driving policymakers to continue to support nuclear technology. These vehicles cut off carbon emissions, noise, maintenance and reduced oil usage and reliance on foreign oil. Clean energy is paramount to a sustainable increment globally. As the universe of discourse continues to grow, the demand for energy increases and harnessing wind and solar should increase because they are candid options and do not contrib ute directly to air or irrigate pollution.These renewable fuels contribute in a compulsive focus to a sustainable world but they just go intot produce enough electricity yet, they are con fountred good replacement options in conjunction with nuclear energy. The nuclear age started with the thought of this defecate of generating electricity universe less costly. That did not prove to be the case, in the beginning, but today nuclear energy is once again creation heralded as a value proposition. The volume of electricity that can be produced and done so in a clean and safe way is looked at as a way to provide environmental attributes and price stability.The Department of Energys Nuclear Power of 2010 program cookd a partnership between government and industry and ensured adequate keep for the building of new plants. The planned investment was $650 million dollars over near(prenominal) geezerhood and assists with the need of program stability and resources necessary to ens ure future viability. The U. S. faces an imminent energy crisis and even though electric power is plainly 3 to 4 % of our gross domestic product, the other 96 or 97% depends on that to fuel our $11 trillion dollar economy.Nuclear energy will remain a front runner because of the steady-going and continuous source of energy it provides and it allows us, as a nation, to lead the world in decreasing our dependence on fossil fuels. Coal is plentiful across many parts of the globe but contributes to global warming (there is research and development in developing a clean combust and this has been proven viable but bringing it to market at a competitive price has not happened). Natural gas is also reasonably abundant but unsustainable in power generation and makes little sense.This being said enhances the argument for nuclear energy plants to assume that the future plants being built will continue to grow worldwide and that as this continues, the industry will strive to address cost an d bolster safety. The other side of this issue sheds a disparate light on the said(prenominal) subject. The put down of nuclear energy is measured differently. Financial expense is a federal agent but fear is the most major concern. Nuclear energy has no pollution or emissions but the by-products of the process namely snitch, and how it is stored, transported and discarded is regarded by many as the downside of nuclear energy.The safety of power plants was the original concern but as these expanded across our country and the world, the waste has drive to be a mightier concern from the holding and containing in plants, to the transporting over advancedways and last the storage of these toxic solids, with a half-life of a thousand years. The potential harm of hot waste is to humans, wildlife and the environment. This waste contains plutonium, uranium and other elements along with parts of atoms. Nuclear waste needs to decay following a cooling process.Even after the waste h as been out of the reactor for 10 years, a human coming within a meter of it would tumble in three minutes. Waste from the first generation of reactors has not been success soundy dealt with and that said, this snuff its all reactors that followed looking toward a solution and the prediction of over a 100,000 metric tons of waste by 2035 that needs to be all told isolated from the environment for tens or even hundreds of thousands of years because it is so deadly. Sendai, Japan had an 8. 9 earthquake on March 11, 2011 that was followed by a tsunami of enormous proportions.There was a nuclear power plant in doing called Fukushima-Daiichi that continues to be in the news more than six weeks after the disasters and the falsehood continues to unfold. The first thing to point out, in fairness, is that these were unlike Three nautical mile Island and Chernobyl because the problems that forgeted were not the result of human error. The built in safety measures discover an earthquak e worked and as soon as the quake was detected, the plant started an automated, preprogrammed eject down and all the safety elements were working to achieve a cooling and treatment of the decay heat.Diesel generators provide the power to drive the pumps for the water coolant necessary to circulate through the reactors, removing the decay heat but when the tsunami hit, the diesel engine generators that were necessary to provide power necessary for the pumps was lost. There were other support systems but they too were lost and the fear of melt down and radiation being spewed into the atmosphere ensued. Heat removal could have continued indefinitely if there was power but that was not the case due to the tsunami. radiation levels are high and more than 6,000 families in surrounding cities have been told to leave the area. Minor traces of the radiation were found in the drinking water in my state, Massachusetts and this drives home the point of how small our world has become and wh erefore we all need to be better informed of the world near us. Radiation and its side effects are nasty and can convey years to manifest illness and cancers. There are also some discrepancies on how much area should be evacuated and there are many varying reports. The U. S. cientists seem to share a common number of 50+ miles, Japan is saying 12. The Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear plant problems echo most peoples concerns about nuclear safety and have started a hard look at nuclear power plants that are built in earthquake prone areas. This concern has spread to Germany where more than 60,000 protestors have been assemble outside the major nuclear plants in that area. The IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) is difficult to assure people around the world that new safeties were already on the drawing board addressing issues like the one in Japan.Nuclear energy had been enjoying resurgence with relative calm ahead the tragedy in Japan. India and chinaware had a plan to add a t housand new nuclear sites in the next two decades. Japan nuclear facilities have withstood many earthquakes the tsunami is what brought this one down. Opponents are still focused on the long shape and the storage, handling, transporting and long term storage of the hazardous waste that is a lethal by-product of nuclear energy. The following is from www. wagingpeace. org and states the risks in a succinct way ?Nuclear Waste ?Nuclear waste is produced in many different ways.There are wastes produced in the reactor core, wastes created as a result of radioactive contamination, and wastes produced as a byproduct of uranium mining, refining, and enrichment. The vast mass of radiation in nuclear waste is given off from worn-out(a) fuel rods. ?A typical reactor will generate 20 to 30 tons of high-level nuclear waste annually. There is no k todayn way to safely dispose of this waste, which remains dangerously radioactive until it naturally decays. ?The rate of decay of a radioactive iso tope is called its half-life, the time in which half the initial amount of atoms present takes to decay.The half-life of Plutonium-239, one curiously lethal component of nuclear waste, is 24,000 years. ?The hazardous life of a radioactive element (the length of time that must elapse before the material is considered safe) is at least 10 half-lives. Therefore, Plutonium-239 will remain hazardous for at least 240,000 years. ?There is a current proposal to dump nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. ?The plan is for Yucca Mountain to hold all of the high level nuclear waste ever produced from every nuclear power plant in the US.However, that would completely fill up the site and not account for future waste. ?Transporting the wastes by truck and rail would be highly dangerous. ?For a more detailed analysis of the problems of and risks incurred by the plan, see extend Ten Reasons to Oppose the DoEs Yucca Mountain Plan ? down payment sites in Australia, Argentina, China, southern Afr ica, and Russia have also been considered. ?Though some countries apply nuclear waste (in essence, preparing it to send through the cycle again to create more energy), this process is banned in the U.S. due to increased proliferation risks, as the reprocessed materials can also be used for making bombs. Reprocessing is also not a solution because it just creates additional nuclear waste. ?The best fulfill would be to cease producing nuclear energy (and waste), to leave the existing waste where it is, and to immobilize it. There are a few different methods of waste immobilization. In the vitrification process, waste is combined with glass-forming materials and melted. Once the materials solidify, the waste is trapped inwardly and cant easily be released.The final concern for the purpose of this paper goes foul to the second to last point from wagingpeace. org. The U. S. is banned from reprocessing nuclear waste because those materials are necessary components when making a bomb. There is a volunteer separate called the National Supplies Group (NSG) and they enforce guidelines to members and oversee exports to ensure that the technologies and materials are treated properly and are not being used to contribute to proliferation. The NSG has 46 member states but Israel, India and Pakistan are not among them.This is frightening and makes one oral sex why it is not mandatory to be part of this NSG. It seems that the rules should be the same for each state or country when dealing with nuclear energy and makes one wonder what the IAEA contributes. Nuclear energy is complicated. If I was writing this before the March 11, 2011 disasters in Japan, I would be impressed by how cold the industry has evolved. Natural disasters are just that, natural and occurring more and more. The strength of Hurricane Katrina was blamed on global warming and makes me wonder if we had more nuclear energy would the storm have been less severe.I dont know that I gave a lot of thought t o nuclear energy before this course and it seems that many movies I have seen over the years usually involves smuggling of components necessary for use in weapons of mass destruction. It now appears that this is a very real threat and one that needs full worldwide regulation. I think nuclear energy is here to rest and that the growth will be immense to keep up with the population and to decrease emissions. This product is a bit of an enigma to me. It strives to do good but has the potential to create so much evil. Nuclear energy and all its by-products are very complicated.

Lord of the Flies: Comparative Analysis

original of the move Comparative Analysis Angela Boll throughout the hold up original of the move several different universal themes occurred. not Just in this carry merely in movies and TV shows as well. The deferent themes all show morals surrounding situations both level-headed and bad. One main theme that is present is how great deal abuse advocate when it is not earned. This happens because people crave power and they want to be in control.In the following paragraphs, different themes will be linked with the book Lord of the Flies and minimal movies and TV shows such as the Walking unfounded and the book MISS Peregrines fellowship for curious Children. Themes throughout the book Lord of the Flies also interpret the uniform meaning as in the television series The Walking exsanguinous. The first theme is that people abuse power when it is not earned. A restate from Lord of the Flies Is when Jack says, l ought to be chief because Im chapter chorister and head boy. I give the sack sing C sharp. This shows how Jack takes power even though n whiz of the boys on the island has voted for him. He just assumes that he should be the chief because he has already been dead of choir. The same concept goes for the Walking Dead because when the regulator lost his safe haven town, he had later then crave to be In charge again. Doing so he had found different groups and eliminated their leaders so he could be in charge again. The due south theme is when given chances people often whizz another to degrade, to rectify their own security.The second base theme is when given chances people often single another to degrade, to Improve their own security. Another quote from Lord of the Flies Is when Ralph and Jack assert authority over gross saying, Youre no corking on a Job like this, and we dont want you. Threes enough. They bring Piggy atomic pile telling him that he is not worthy enough to go and that he is useless. Just as in the Walking Dead when modern survivors are found they are not wanted. They are often not trustworthy, unwanted and they also add on to feed more mouths.The novel survivors usually get vital tasks so that they lot prove that others can trust them. However if they fail they will either be torment or worse killed. This proves of how when given the chance people bring down others. The outlast theme is that you can only over up versed savagery for so long before It breaks out. A different quote from Lord of the Flies is when the Jacks boys are doing their dance and screaming, Kill the beast jump his throat Spill his blood They do not know it, but they are murdering Simon because savagery has taken over their civilized ship canal.Throughout the Walking Dead this theme Is present everywhere. The minute the apocalypse started everyone had to forget their old ways of being civilized people. They had to become more wild and savage to know of what their earth has become. Themes within the book Lord of the Files also coincide with the book Miss Peregrines Home for Peculiar Children. The first theme, which occurred In both books, was that the concern of the unknown could be a powerful force, which can turn to either insight or by sterna.The flirts quote from Lord of the Flies is when the bantam boy 1 OFF mention of the Beast caused all the boys on the island to become horrified. Just as in the book Miss Peregrines Home for Peculiar Children, Jacob finds himself looking at a Beast himself. With no one there to believe him, he starts to shut everyone out causing him to go slightly delusional. The fear of the unknown can turn people into beasts themselves. The second theme is when given chances people often single another to degrade, to make better their own security.The second quote from Lord of the Flies is when Jack give tongue to to Piggy muff would, would you? Fatty Jack had said this in a vicious and humiliating way because he wanted Piggy to whole step left out and very disc ouraged. The same thing happened in the book Miss Peregrines Home for Peculiar Children because Jacob had been an outcast ever since he had seen that Orrville beast-like thing. His friends had started vocation him crazy only to make themselves feel better and to put Jacob down.The last theme that occurred in both books was that society holds everyone together. In Lord of the Flies, the Island had been their society. The quote that shows how society is falling apart is The world, that understandable and lawful world, was slipping away. The same meaning is also present in Miss Peregrines Home for Peculiar Children. When Jacob left his home in Florida, he had lost all signs of society. He had shut out all rules and went to a efferent time zone. His world was overrun with monsters.

After the Sirens

As soon as the tuner is switched on it is described as screaming and it startles the man. He also recognized the communicate announcers voice but it this was the first time his voice did not sound upbeat and happy as it usually was during his morning show. The rootage also describes his voice as Cracking with hysteria (Hood, pg. 161) which clearly sets the temper in the story. The way his voice is described stresses the role that the announcer plays in this story.The piano tuner announcer uses repetition right from the beginning of the story and creates suspense, when he repeats This not an make(Hood, pg. 160) three times. He also repeats This is an air raid warning(Hood, pg. 160) in two ways right after the radio is turned on. He continues with the count set ashore right until ten seconds before the bomb hit. The radio announcer sets this man into exploit to save himself and his family.The man responds immediately by telling his wife not to ask questions and to dress her se lf and the baby in many layers of sullen clothing. While she is doing that he gathers up food, water, canned goods and two can openers. The radio announcer also helps the man to decide where they should take cover in the endure because he reported the target and the man knew where the blast would be approach shot from. The radio announcer helped them survive. I was captured immediately by his voice and was taken on a journey of anticipation and suspense.

The Problem with the American Health Care System

The American wellness kick arrangement is under duress. about people praise the US checkup scheme because of the receiptsability of state-of -the-art treatments trance some criticize because of the galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) loopholes of the carcass and paradoxs with policy. Because of loopholes in the damages dust and the high price of arse aboutting medical examination checkup treatment in the country, many ordinary American folk do non get basal wellness tour only the high-income earners can handle high medical be.Despite of the existence of regimen wellness indemnity, American citizens still feel the deficiency to buy indemnification from public firms since the organisation insurance system does non cover oft of the medical needs of the people. Before analyzing the American wellness disturbance system, it is first important to start a clear depend of the system and the problems with it. The American health premeditation system is made up o f both public and esoteric insurers win the unique hitt of this system is that the hidden sector remains dominant over the public sector.Statistics hint that 62 pct of non-elderly Americans receive insurance receive from their employers in the nonpublic sector maculation 5 percent purchased their own insurance from private insurance companies. A sm all 15 percent rely on government insurance systems such as Medi tuition and Medic serve. Those who do non adopt any form of insurance account for 15 percent of the total. overt health insurance policy is mainly set asided by Medi consider and Medicaid (Chua, 2006). Medic atomic number 18 covers people at advance 65 and above including some disenable people.It is a government single- consecrateer class which is funded by tax collections, a payroll tax and paid premiums. It is funded unitedly by the federal and state government. Medi share covers hospital services, physician services, and medical drug benefits only wh en over the years, weaknesses have been spotted in this insurance system such as it includes an incomplete coverage for nursing facilities as soundly as an insufficient handicap care coverage. It also does not earmark for dental, hearing and vision health care.Because of the lack of services, the elderly folk that avail of Medicare are forced to get insurance plans from private companies, and thus, many of the overaged folk spend 22 percent of their income for providing their somebodyal health care needs not covered by government health insurance (Chua, 2006). Medicaid on the other hand is an insurance program specifically provided for the disabled and for low income earners. It is stated under federal law that states must provide medical care to the very scummy pregnant women, children, elderly, disabled, and parents.Adults that have no children receive no coverage from Medicaid as well as poor people that have a higher income that make them unqualified for Medicaid benefits b ut states have the freedom to alter eligibility levels. Just like Medicare, Medicaid receives funding from taxes. Medicaid has many well benefits but many of those who have availed of this insurance program see to it it difficult to look for health care providers that accept Medicaid because of a alternatively low reimbursement rate (Chua, 2006).According to the data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the US spends the highest on health care among the member countries in the OECD. In 2003, US health care be accounted for 15 percent of the countrys GDP while the average for all OECD countries only figured at 8. 6 percent. Among all OECD countries, the US also beats the most outgo on health care per capita with $5,635 which is more than double the OECD average of $2,307. From 1999 to 2003, per capita spending on health care increases by an average of 4.6 percent every year which is at par with the OECD average of 4. 5 percent per year. In mos t countries from the OECD, health care funding is usually provided by the government except for the US, Mexico, and Korea in which the private sector dominate the health care industry. Only 44 percent of health care spending is provided by the government in the US setting while the average government funding for health care in the OECD is at 72 percent. The US also has the highest health spending from private institutions at 37 percent.The US also lags behind on physician per population averages, nurse per population averages and hospital beds per population averages (Chua, 2006). These comparative degree data shows that the US has indeed been putting much budget into health but despite of this, the US has been performing poorly in providing the health care needs of its people. This may be traced from higher costs of health care since private institutions are more focused on utility. As of 2004, government pending on health care rose to 16 percent, in comparison, this is more of wh at is being spent on food.The rising costs of medical treatment stems from new medical technology. This results in a discrepancy of the population that may be referred to as insiders and outsiders. Insiders are those that have wide-cut insurance while outsiders are those that have little or no insurance. The insiders receive the best medical treatment regardless of the cost while the outsiders receive very little treatment that they should have been accorded. To quantify, one break down indicated that those people with no insurance have a 70 percent more likelihood to die from colorectal cancer within a time span of three years (Krugman and Wells, 2006).The only way mature medical technology can be provided to all people and not only to the financially capable is through health insurance but it would be difficult for private insurance companies to provide such a need because of the problem of adverse selection. Hence, healthy people would have to pay less premiums for insurance since they are not likely to accumulate tremendous medical spending while those unhealthy people that are evaluate to accumulate large spending on medical treatment and hospital bills will have to pay higher premiums (Krugman and Wells, 2006).The insurance company would promptly find that because its clientele was tilted toward those with high medical costs, its actual costs per customer were much higher than those of the average member of the population. So it would have to raise premiums to cover those higher costs. However, this would disproportionately drive off its fitter customers, leaving it with an even less healthy customer base, requiring a further rise in premiums, and so on. Krugman and Wells, 2006Insurance companies have learned how to deal with this problem using risk assessment with the aid of a careful viewing process. This results in rejecting or charging more premiums for applicants that are more likely to incur higher treatment costs. This practice bars many o f those who are greatly in need of insurance from getting one. If ever a person is allowed to get an insurance despite of the conditions, the premiums would be very high (Krugman and Wells, 2006). Insurance is important for health care since it will affect the health of people.With the front of insurance, the people will have a better grasp of preventive care. A study by The Urban Institute indicated that about 50 percent of children that did not have any health insurance did not have a medical checkup in 2003, whereas only 26 percent of insured children did not have a checkup (National federation on Health Care, 2008). This shows that people are most likely to mesh early medical treatment in the presence of an insurance policy. concourse who are uninsured also pay before receiving any medical treatment except during emergencies.If they are inefficient to pay, they will be denied medical treatment. In the presence of insurance, a person will not be denied medical treatment beca use the insurance will readily pay for it (National alinement on Health Care, 2008). Instead of eliminating expenses, lack of insurance policies only results in more spending for the government since the governments pays for the health expenses of those people who are unable to pay for the medical treatment they received in the absence of a health insurance.Also, data indicates that hospital accumulate $34 trillion of owing(predicate) health care every year while $37 billion is paid by private and public payers for the uninsured while $26 is paid from out-of-pocket for the people who did not avail of any insurance policy for some reason (National Coalition on Health Care, 2008). The issuance of uninsured people is steadily increasing due to the complexities involved in getting insurance but the highest driving factor is the high premiums. job instability and other changes such divorce, retirement, self-employment, etc.are also reasons why people do not avail of insurance (Nationa l Coalition on Health Care, 2008). Addressing health care is very important for any country especially for a developed nation that has a high population like the US. The presidential candidates both have proposed health care policies as a dissipate of their agenda. These policies may be viewed from their websites and they both put addressing insurance problems the top health care issues as well reducing the cost of basic health services.The reason why health care is too costly in the US may partly be because doctors are more super paid but a better reason would be because much of health care payments are done by private insurance institutions. This results in more expenses since people pay more premiums notwithstanding to get the better benefits of a private insurance system and since these private institutions are business entities, premiums are higher for higher risks of expensive medical treatment. For the government, profit would never be an issue.What the two presidential ca ndidates, Barrack Obama and Hillary Clinton are proposing just mightiness work. They are proposing a new health care insurance system that promises affordable premiums and good benefits under the government. If implemented properly and with scrutiny, these plans might be a way to uplift the countrys health care system since it promises more coverage while providing friendlier premiums. Shifting from government insurance that provides good benefits would be the ultimate answer to the rising costs of medical treatment.It is celebrated more and more people are getting medical aid from Medicare or Medicaid but this does not stop people from getting other health insurance at a private institution since government funded insurance does not provide all the medical needs of the people. The government should provide insurance policies that are will provide for most or all of the medical needs of the people at friendly-priced premiums. This way, the health care system will improve. Referen ces Chua, Kao-Ping. 10 February 2006. Overview of the U. S. Health Care System. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http//www. amsa.org/uhc/HealthCareSystemOverview. pdf Krugman, capital of Minnesota & Wells, Robin. 23 March 2006. The Health Care Crisis and What to Do About It. The spic-and-span York Review of Books, 53,5. Retrieved may 26, 2008, from http//www. nybooks. com/articles/18802 National Coalition on Health Care. 2008. Health Insurance Coverage. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http//www. nchc. org/facts/coverage. shtml Plan for a Healthy America. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http//www. barackobama. com/issues/health care/ American Health Choices Plan. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http//www. hillary clinton. com/feature/healthcareplan/summary. aspx

Physical Fitness Essay

Physical plumpness requires a multitude of bodily operations. The initial is a combination of the healthy system and the skeletal system. These deuce send away be combined and are k right offn as the musculoskeletal system. The circulative system is that which governs the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The respiratory system is that which governs the lungs and their functions. The circulatory and respiratory systems graze together to supply the body with essential oxygen, because the cells in whizs body need oxygen to function properly.The combination of the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and the musculoskeletal system come together to represent up the necessary sensual fitness functions. When all these systems are operating at optimum capacity, fleshly fitness is nearly successful. Physical fitness at its most basic level is known as physical activity, which is simply the condensate of muscles. At the next level, increased physical activity that is target ed at the advantage of ones physical condition is known as exercise. example is the specific type of physical activity that increases athletic performance. Identifying Your CultureThe fall in States is a bouillabaisse of humanity and culture. Being a product of the United States, I would say that I culturally identify with a melting dejection of different cultures. For instance, my mothers parents are both German-American, so I know for sure that I am half German-American. I excessively know that my grandmother on my fathers side is Irish-American, so I know for sure that I am one keister Irish-American. But my grandfather on my fathers side was adopted, so I leave n incessantly know for sure that quarter of my ethnicity. repayable to modern technology, though, we believe he may be of Irish descent, which would make me one quarter Irish American.All that being said, though, I do not identify with any of these cultures. It may seem plain and simple, save I recognize most wit h the main-stream American culture. I grew up go to church every Sunday. I grew up eating hot dogs, hamburgers, pizza, pancakes, and waffles. conviction was spent on the weekends attending barbeque parties with friends and families while watching lark abouts on the television like football game, baseball, basketball, and hockey. The culture I grew up in was one of American sports. Describing How the Culture in which You Identify Influences Your Feelings, Attitudes and Behaviors Related to the HealthFirst, it moldiness be understood that, growing up in American society, it was constantly important to be physically fit and be possessed of a seemly beach body. But, as was said before, I grew up eating nutrient that was not always the healthiest for me. A way to keep myself in veracious shape even though I wasnt eating straightforward foods was to continually exercise. Knowing that it is easy for any American to go worst a road of unhealthiness, I work my hardest to stay as a thletically fit as I possibly can.Also, my culture affected my physical fitness life in that, growing up, I was always playing sports. When I was eight years old I started playing football, and I go along to play football for the next ten years. Throughout high rail, football allowed me to stay extremely physically active and forced me to always be athletically fit. I played football so much, I even acquire to enjoy physical activity, especially those physical activities that were directly integrated with sports. Do You Think Your Children Will View Same Way You Do?I certainly hope that my children will have the same views about physical fitness as I do. In a nation that is ever growing more unhealthy, it will be crucial for me to teach my prox children about the importance of exercise. It is very apparent that the United States does not collection signs getting healthier soon. I know that ten years from now Americans will be getting more and more out of shape. My children will not be a part of the ever growing obesity pheno workforceon. Also, sports are a very major influence in my life, so I would imagine that my kids will be involved in sports as well.Hopefully they will be able to learn about the exigency of physical fitness through sports. In todays society, sports too open many other doors and avenues for people later in life. I only want my future kids to have the most opportunity possible. How bedevil You Been Influenced by These Cultural Messages?In the long run, physical fitness and sports have played major roles in my life. It gave me a purpose for a judgment of conviction and allowed me to mature as a young man. Also, being athletic at such a young age allowed me set a conventionalism of physical fitness that has lasted now for years. Working out allows me to clear my thought of stress, increase my bodily health, and helps me get much rest at iniquity when I sleep. I can focus more at school in class, I work harder at work, and I am soc ially more competent when I am working out. Yet it is street fighter for a student to find time to go to the gym, especially a student with two jobs.I guess it is lucky that one of those two jobs happens to be coaching high school football. As a football coach, I have unlimited access to the high schools athletic facilities, of which I have been taking advantage of recently. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and muscular endurance are all important to me. On return of having access to great equipment, though, and probably more importantly, I have the king to teach young people about exercise through sport and the importance of it. I am often teaching about the sports colligate aspects of fitness, which are speed, power, coordination, agility, balance, and reaction time. Probably the most rewarding influence physical fitness has had on my life has been the ability to affect the lives of the young men that I coach. This is how physical fitness has affected my life.

Anne Sexton

1) The speaker is Anne sacristan, IMO. This poem is one of Anne Sextons strophic poems, with a conduct rhyme scheme and stanza order. The speaker is insane, yet she is able to maintain a sense of reality. She identifies with female oppression. Her Kind was written to lay out Sextons discouragement towards the world, while coping with mental illness. 2) I have been her kind agency that she closely identifies with each type. This, I believe, is Sextons transference of her more selves into the poem.She was, in her mind, many different personalities. 3) In the first stanza, the figure is obviously a enamour or someone who has beliefs that go against what society dictates, maybe a vixen. In the second stanza, the figure is the woman who keeps a nicely stocked theme is misunderstood for reasons such as the loss of independence. The last stanza is an allusion (I believe) to Joan of Arc who was ruin at the stake for trying to be more than what society deemed a woman should be.Anne Sex ton often uses references to her admired her greatly. Sexton wrote this poem in such a manner that it will continue to speak to and induct women everywhere. She is looking into a looking glass and identifying with all women and with all aspects of her aver mentally ill mind. Her state of mind is one of despair, loneliness, and her feelings of being an outcast. Anne Sexton battled depression and dissatisfaction with her place in life all of her life.

The meal experience Essay

IntroductionThe assignment I forget be doing will be ab break through a recent meal welcome I had in an establishment. I recently went for a meal in a local brasserie situated in my town I will be discussing the in material and tangible factors that influenced my meal experience.Reason for choiceThe reason I chose to carry issue my assignment on this particular meal experience is because it is the most recent meal I have been out for in a long time and I heard from a get of sources that the restaurant was a great place to eat and it had got great reviews on trip advisor so I decided to give it a try. overly it is the unaccompanied restaurant I have actually been out for a meal in during the death twain years.BookingI planned to go for meal one Tuesday night with my other half(prenominal), so I rang the restaurant to book a table for two. A new-fangled woman answered the phone pleasantly and asked if she could help me. I accordingly asked her if I could book a table for tw o at 730pm. She then responded politely saying you contri thoe of course. The table will be sp curio a penny for you at 730, is there anything else I can help you with? I responded to her question saying no that is perfect thank you very much. I found the woman on the phone very polite and she do me feel very relaxed and comfortable on the phone. So I can say the booking was a success The restaurant is a unremarkable dining restaurant so we didnt have to discontinue anything particular or even book a table but I did anyway just to be safe.ArrivalThe restaurant is situated on Portlaoise Main Street, at the happen of an off licence. A negative to the stretch is that there is no parking at the restaurant. We had to park the car at a completely different place to where the restaurant is. My other half was wearing heels and we had to walk a reasoned half a mil from the car park. However, we didnt mind the walk too much but it is a bit much to have to walk that distance. When we reached the restaurant we had to come up a lot of stairs on the way up to the restaurant which is the only way up. The establishment is not suitable for disabled slew in terms of entering and exiting. We reached the reception finally. It was there we had our first-year reflection at the place.My first impression that it was small but had a ethical feng shui. The restaurant wasnt full but there were a some people there just the way I equal it. The girl greeted us and welcomed us. We thanked her and told her we had a reservation for 730 and we gave her our names. She then showed us to our table. I sat down and tested the table and chairs to see if it was shaky but it wasnt which was great because I cannot stand for a shaky table when having a meal. The woman who was a await as hearty asked us if we cherished anything to drink. I asked for water, which was brought to me rather fast which I was satisfied with. The Menus were already on the table because it is a casual din ing restaurant. The await after bringing the water left over(p) us for a hardly a(prenominal) minutes while we decided what to eat.First CourseMy partner and I looked through the menu which was quite concise and had a good shape as it ranged from comfort food like burgers, steaks and chips to classic Italian dishes like pasta caribonara and lasagne and even Asian dishes like stir-fry and spring rolls. We were quite pleased with the selection and type of food that was available which left us spoiled for choice. The menu was A la carte so we could score as we went. Eventually my partner and I decided on our dishes. She got the filo prawns and I got the mixed salad. The waitress came back and we gave her the order. 5 minutes later she came out with both dishes. The renovate of the service was great because I was quite hungry. at once the dishes arrived presented accordingly, nothing special, on their plates I tasted my salad and found no faults with it. they served it with their house binding which I enjoyed. My other half enjoyed her prawns. I tasted one and after perceptiveness it I could tell that it was something out of a box that was frozen so I didnt enjoy the filo prawn so I left half of it. During the first course the waitress came to ensure that everything was ok and asked if we wanted anything else, so the service was good.The Main Meal.We finished our first course which was a success. So we moved on to our main course of the evening. After the waitress cleared our plates she gave us roughly 5 minutes between the meals forrader she brought out the main course.I found that amount of time to be too little because my salad hadnt yet gone down. My partner only had two prawns so she was quite happy with the time taken. We had ordered the final relish burger, which was an enormous burger made of two 8oz patties, an onion ring on each patty, bacon and melted cheese and then stacked on top of each other and presented on a black slate. Presentation was great. I thought that it would be a big burger so my partner and I decided to share. When the burger came out it was way bigger than my expectations. in the end two of us couldnt even finished it The burger however tasted great and we soundly enjoyed it.SweetWe were so stuffed from the first two meals that we called it a night and asked for the bill. We could not stomach anymore food.Close of meal.We come at last to the end of our experience, and what an experience it has been. Everything so far has exceeded what I was expecting- the room, the lag, the food, we enjoyed it very much. From the tangible elements like Food and drink, Variety of menu available, Level of service, Value for money, internal design, Atmosphere and mood, Expectation and identification and the staff. The waitress came to clear our plates and we asked for the bill. We paid it, thanked the staff and went on our way. The only faults I can identify with the night was the speed at which the food came out. It was a bit too fast Also the walk from the car was a bit far so that is a negative and can be a big problem in the future.Reflection in memoryA meal, like a good story, should have a good beginning, a middle and end, and it did for me and my partner. We enjoyed the experience. Just organism able to even talk as loud as we want, wear anything at all and the atmosphere that everyone eating and working there created was great. It was my first time in a brasserie and it wont be my last

Compare and Contrast Essay: The Play Antigone and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Essay

The contact Antig iodine and raise Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban be similar because, the characters in each put one over similar characteristics. They both provoke the same themes of revenge, social justice, and redemption. The similarities between these two show that Greek lit is still relevant in todays world. The play Antigone is nearly Oedipus two sons both dying in battle, and one is given a proper burial and the other is left out in a field to be untouched by anyone. If anyone tries to bury him they will be punished by Creon.Antigone felt that her brother deserved to be inhumed and was going to take care of it herself, even if she would be punished for it. When Creon got parole of Antigones actions he couldnt believe his sons soon to be wife would do such a thing save he knew he needed to follow through on his word and punished her to death. raft in the city did not agree with Creons decision to come out Antigone, so he decided to father her locked in a cor e out to suffer. There in the cave Antigone hung herself, when Creons son went out to find Antigone and institute her dead he then killed himself.Creon decided that locking Antigone in a cave was also not the proper thing to do so he sent out to get her, But they were too former(a) and found them both dead. When Creons wife got news of her sons death she too killed herself. vex Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban is around harasss third year at Hogwarts. News is going round the Sirius Black has escaped from Azkaban, tone for get to. Harry is warned not to go looking for Sirius and that Hogwarts is not a safe place for him this year, Harry being Harry goes looking for Sirius Black late at night and ends up in trouble.The Play Antigone and the motion-picture show Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban both have themes of revenge in them. In the moving-picture show Harry Potters parents died when he was a baby, in the beginning of the movie Harry learns that Sirius has been in jail for the last twelve years because he was involved in helping with the killing of his parents. Harry is furious round this and wants Sirius dead or back in prison, when Harry finds Sirius he soon learns that Sirius had nothing to do with the death of Harrys parents and that the person that did is still out at that place disguising himself as a rat.Harry and Sirius Find this rat named Peter Pedinger and have him killed for helping with the killing of Harry Potters parents and for making it look Like Sirius did it so he would be the one to go to prison. In the play Antigone revenge is shown through the deaths of Creons wife, son, and his sons soon to be wife. Creon is told that what he has done to Antigone is ruin and that deadly things will happen to him if he doesnt do something somewhat it right away. Creon ignores this advice at low plainly then realizes he was amiss(p) and goes out to get Antigone himself.When he arrives to the cave he is to late both Antigone and his son have killed himself. Soon after finding them in the cave Creon learns that his wife too has killed herself. If Creon would have done the right thing right away his family would still be alive. Characters that are a similar between the play and the movie share many characteristics. Harry Potter is most ilk Antigone, they both like to do things they are told not to do, even if no one believes what they are doing is the right thing. They both would do anything for their family.Ronald Weasley is a bent like Antigones sister in the play, he never agrees with what Harry is about to do but in the end he always has Harrys back. The character in the movie most like the utter in the play would be professor Lupin. Lupin is most like a chorus because, throughout the movie he tells Harry of events in the past that lead up to the events in the movie, he also prepares Harry for whats going to happen to him next. Without professor Lupin in the movie no one would understand wherefore Sir ius Black escaped from Azkaban and why he is looking for Harry.In the movie Dumbledore is most like the Gods in Greek literary productions. He runs the school and he always has a stem for everything. He makes sure that those who do good are rewarded and those who do bad are punished. In the movie Sirius has been found and is sentenced to death, Dumbledore knows Sirius is innocent and gives Harry the tools to go back in time and change the events that happened to save Sirius. This movie is about a wizard and his journeys as he goes to school at Hogwarts, but more importantly it shows that anyone can do the right thing, and two the struggles one would go through for their friends or family.A lot like the fiction of Antigone. She knew she would get in trouble if she tried to bury her brother but she didnt care he was family and he deserved to be hardened to rest, and Creon who swore as a king to sticking to his words, found that punishing Antigone was equipment casualty and went t o set her free. I always thought Greek literature was windy and useless, But this assignment let me see how much Greek literature has had an impact on todays world. Almost every movie or book today has themes of love, hate, or revenge in them and those ideas first started in Greek literature.

The Long Telegrams Impact on the Truman Doctrine

pThe long wire and Its impact on the Truman article of faith George Kennans long telegram had m each impacts on the the Statesn external policy. Its influence can be seen directly through the Truman Doctrine in 1947. The enormous Telegram influenced Trumans doctrine of containment, and it opened the eyeball of many Washington officials as to how dangerous the Soviets and more specifically fabianism was. George Kennans Long Telegram was a reply as to why the Soviets werent supporting the World Bank and the International Money Fund.At the time, theAmerican view of theSoviet was friendly, yet cautious because theSoviets had beenallied with the US inWWII. The long telegram, which wasreleased to the public in 1947, basically created the foundation on which the unwarmed War stood from the US point of view. By claiming that the Soviets were completely against capitalism, would side with Marxists, and detached from reality, Kennan set up a standard system of beliefsthat the US would quest after throughout the Cold War, and even gave ideas as to how to combat the Soviets if need be.The Long Telegram gave the US clear reason to consider war with Russia inevitable. It fostered just fear in America of the Soviets by talkingabout howRussia couldnt be trusted and great lengths should be taken to ensure the absence seizure of Soviets and their influencein America. The Truman Doctrine was a contribution made to foreign policy by Harry Truman in 1947, after the Long Telegram had come into being. Truman declared, kind of like Wilsons Moral Diplomacy, that it was the US transaction to spread democracy and battle communism.Truman asked Congress to send aid to Greece and Turkey. afterward being ravaged by Germany in WWII,Greece had been about to lose aid from Great Britain Turkey had also depended greatly on the help of the US and Britain. The US wouldhave beenin danger of losing power all over the Soviets and in Europe and Asia had Russia gained the two countries. Thi s proves that what George Kennan wrote helped Truman realize that he needed to help different nations and create the foreign policy.Kennans telegram greatly impacted many new(prenominal) aspects of the Truman doctrine, for example the truman Doctrine all but promised that the United States would resist any Soviet expansion. This refects Kennans advise that the United States must carefully hire its points of resistance. Kennans notion of containment which was expressed in the Long Telegram was also illustrartes in the Truman Doctrine. George Kennans writings inspired America and thanks to the Long Telegram and the Truman Doctrine, America opened their eyes and did what was necessary to not allow themselves to be over ruled by the soviets.

Fruitful Vacation

Holi daylight, A time e preciseone gets hyped up over, parents planning activities for the family to communicate quality time with all the family members together. A holiday, I would never occlude is a fruitful one which I arrive experienced exsert year with my entire family in the foahmulak beach. That is my loving grandfathers island. That was the very first time I got a chance to visit in that respect. We visited there on 27th of December 2012. By coincidence a great(p) thing happened. That day was grandfathers birthday. We were unaware of his birthday, but I heard my grandma was wishing him. At the moment my tongue was sticking out. I told my mum and dad about this great news. My parents decided to go for a picnic on the beach. Its around nine oclock we went there in a pickup.We laughed, enjoyed a lot when we were in the pickup. Finally we arrived to the beach. I was totally lost in the scenic views that I forgot to blink my eyes when I saw the beach. Sea looked extremely beautiful. We bought approximately junk foods, fruits and grandfathers birthday cake to eat. When I vie in the beach it was relaxing for me. We played volley ball, hide and render in the woods. Around five something we all went to sea to swim. My grandfather and grandmother were enjoying a lot. At last we all gave a surprise to grandpa. He cuts the cake, and we gave lots of gifts to him. Finally around seven we reached our home. This was remarkable day. Next day I visited all the family and friends houses. I had a great time. I have lifetime worth memories which I have spent with my family. It was the most terrible and spectacular experience of my life.My holiday was exciting and full of joy. I enjoyed it immensely.

Human Resource Planning Essay

Organisations such(prenominal) as Boots compress military man election planning to determine a course of litigate, which helps them to righteousness to a greater purpose(prenominal) than efficiently by having the right exertion, in the right place, at the right clock and cost. Human resource planning was sleep withn as cast force planning. It has been defined asThe employment of heed which is aimed at coordinate the requirements for and the avail baron of disparate graphemes of employeesBoots fatality to forecast their manpower fates, twain in terms of the add to jerk offher of employees occupyed and the types of skills and qualities unavoidable. It is in whatever case primeval to monitor and jimmy the productivity of the be and availcap open custody and recognise the impact of expert change on the port in which transmission line organizations be elevator carried give away.Boots benevolent resource planning aggroup in addition involve to be able to let on and analyse the factors influencing and shaping the labour markets from which the transcription infixs staff to fit its manpower necessitate. Human resource specia mentions bugger off to encounter inwardly these labour markets to rise sufficient resources to meet the productive inescapably of Boots.Influences On Human resourcefulness thinkRecruitment and extractOne of the roughly grand farm bulges for the human resources coach-and-four in Boots is recruiting and selecting new employees. With stunned(a) the right employees the moving in pass on be unable to operate efficiently or serve its customers properly or retain any(prenominal) profits. With the proper recruitment and selection techniques, Boots stool gravel as sure as sayable that they stool achieve these objectives.Boots may need to recruit for several of agents. The increase of Boots burn d admit generate superfluous urinate away and on that pointfore create a need for extra labour. inter topic influences such as technological suppurations enkindle change contrast roles indoors the government activity, creating a need to recruit new volume with specific skills. Alternatively, va firecies keep be created through resignation, retirement and dismissal.The Recruitment Process bank line analysis subcontract descriptionPerson specificationFinding suited fuckdidatesChoosing the sur precipitate somebodyTaking referencesMaking keymentsTraining and DevelopmentAn authorised differentiate of manpower planning is the continual review, identification and update of home pass and amazement. Factors such as the introduction of new technology or new functional methods plunder create education inescapably that fill to be met if Boots is to expect competitive. In recent years in that location has been growing employer aw atomic number 18ness that schooling kindle play a signifi peckt role in underdeveloped a flexible and multi-skilled deed force.Boots organise reading and development programmes for several of reason* To spark employees and increase muse cheer, thereby reducing absenteeism and labour swage* Reduce wastage and accident range by creating a consistent doing across the break force* Develop the skills of be employees to escape with labour piddlingages* To establish the most effective and efficient working methods in ordination to maximise productivity and re principal(prenominal) competitive* Reduce employees skilfulification to change, perhaps deriving from the introduction of new equipment and the application of new technology. instruction execution heedBoots needs to manage the per socio-economic classance of its employees effectively if it is to re briny competitive. This doer that there essential be effective management control exercised at both person and governingal take aim.A range of processes and techniques need to be in place, which bothow individual employees to know how h eadspring they argon doing, and for managers to be able to monitor how well their subordinates argon performing.Performance monitoring nominates teaching, which is of value for identifying future day g agencying or promotion opportunities, and military personnels where insufficient skills or knowledge could be deemed a threat to an employees efficiency.Managers exercise control at an individual and governing bodyal level through* Planning by embedting objectives and targets* Establishing work patterns* monitor actual carrying out* Comparing death penalty a promotest targets* Rectifying mis urinate a bun in the ovens and taking action.The Performance Management ProcessLabour Turn e very(prenominal)(prenominal)placeThe labour turn over symmetry is apply to measure the total number of employees leaving an government activity in a given period of conviction, usu whole(a)y a year. It is calculated in persona terms development the formulaNumber of employees leaving ov er specific period x 100Labour disorder = modal(a) number of raft employIt is central that labour turnover is unceasingly measurable by Boots to warn of potential problems so that management suffer baffle appropriate action. Replacing employees disrupts efficiency and creates recruitment and genteelness costs. For a tune to meet the objectives of its manpower plan, it is important that it minimises labour turnover.A mellow labour turnover is bound to affect the quality and level of issue as well as incurring manpower costs associated with the recruitment and planning of labour.Labour St tycoon IndexThe labour turnover residual is a rather general measure. A more(prenominal) subtle index number is the labour stableness index, which is calculated using the formulaNumber employed with more than 12 months service x 100Labour stability = heart number of staff employed 1ness year pastThis index de nones stability because it emphasises those employees that stay rather than throw. climb on StructureThe discipline on the age structure of the men analysed by different categories of employees is useable for several reasons. It go away postgraduatelight a potential staff shortage problem that might be ca employ by a large number of employees all reaching retirement age during a comparatively short period of time in the near future. It might show that a typeicular age group dominates real stances within the caller-up, frustrating the promotional aspirations of different employeesA detailed analysis if the age structure of the workforce of Boots, when linked to skill audits, can in like manner be of considerable value when deciding upon the allocation of instruct opportunities. For use, boots short-term objective might be to train all employees to use a new form of estimator technology by the end of the year. When deciding who should receive prep ardness, Boots needs to know which employees already possess the required skills and whic h employees ar nearing retirement age, as genteelness battalion who ar shortly to leave the company would not be cost effective.I am going to be screening the aras that badger Boots in Brent they atomic number 18 Alperton Barham Sudbury Sudbury tourist court Preston Tokynton Wembley Central (where Boots is based)Ward% nether 8 years% Under 15 yearsWorking Age (16 PA)% Pensioner age% 85 and overAlperton14.120.967.811.71.1Barham18.719.364.415.61.3Preston1118.164.117.81.6St Raphaels16.628.660.510.90.6Stonebridge13.121.866.111.10.7Sudbury920.164.715.91.1Sudbury Court11.720.467.911.70.7Tokyngton12.120.86514.21.1Wembley Central13.222.266.211.60.7This affirmation shows the percentage of volumes age in each ward. As you can advert expression at the entropy Wembley central employ 66.2% of working slew cosmos the third highest ward. in that locationfore in this ara where Boots is located there would be a lot of workers working there.The data also shows the percentage of pensioners, in Wembley central the percentage of pensioners is low. This subject matter businesses in Wembley central do not employ old pack as there isnt galore(postnominal) old batch in this area as there are in Preston where majority of pensioners live.Boots would attend at recruiting people that who are young, as they trust young and active staffs. They would employ young people so they can gradually train them as they go a foresightful. By doing this Boots can offer a expose service to there customers.WardTotal Unemployment RateEstimated Rate for pitch- dumb GroupsAlperton12.315.1Barham11.79.6Preston10.313.8St.Raphaels22.827.5Stonebridge23.127.3Sudbury10.714.7Sudbury Court810.6Tokyngto12.715.5Wembley Central13.815.2This data shows the unemployment rank in Brent and the estimated rate for black groups. Unemployment rates for Black and Asian groups were high than for White groups. White unemployment rates were 10.9% whereas black unemployment rates were 16.5%. While th ere are no up-to-date unemployment figures by hea thenish group, there is no reason to suppose that the differential gear amongst white-hot and other brotherly groups has lessened significantly. Based on this assumption, the data above, estimates black unemployment rates in January 1996 compared with the rate for the whole population.This has been estimated by calculating the differential rate in unemployment between the black and other ethnic groups and all groups, then applying the divagation to the January 1996 unemployment figures. For example black and other ethnic groups unemployment rates were 22.7% higher in 1991 in Alperton ward than for the white population. This percentage difference is then applied to the current rate. The resulting figure is intended to give a broad estimate of the akinly unemployment rate for the black and other ethnic groups.The data shows that the lowest unemployment rate is in Preston ward and the highest rate is in Stonebridge. In Wembley ce ntral where Boots is based it looks like an average of unemployment instalments. This means that in this area there arent many unemployed people as the area is very busy due to businesses operating in the area and competition with other businesses occurring. As a result of this businesses will need to recruit more people. For example if Boots were to employ more staff the business will be doing more work, the more work they do the more customers they get.% In Education ordinate in BrentPersons (18 +) qualifiedRank in BrentAlperton60231220Barham71141514Preston71131811St. Raphaels5428730Stonebridge5427927Sudbury749199Sudbury Court748271Tokyngton65191026Wembley Central71111315These data shows the percentage of pupils in education in each ward. It also shows the percentage of people that are already qualified in Brent. As you can see that Sudbury Court render the number 1 rank in Brent whereas Wembley Central soak up the rankings of 15.% In EducationRank in BrentPersons (18 +) qualif iedRank in BrentAlperton60231220Barham71141514Preston71131811St. Raphaels5428730Stonebridge5427927Sudbury749199Sudbury Court748271Tokyngton65191026Wembley Central71111315Those wards which puddle high proportions of the population qualified to a level above GCE A level are those wards which exhaust the highest proportions of people in professional and managerial occupations. This tells us that Sudbury Court has the most workers with qualification. each week average earnings (Full Time )198419861988199019921994Greater capital of the United Kingdom Males214.7255312.6383.1434.4467.3Greater London Fe manlikes142.8169.3208.2258.9308.6336.5Brent Males204.1242.4283.3338381.2402.1Brent Females120.1159172.5225.8267.9282.7This data shows the average hebdomadally earnings (from 1984-1994) for male and females in Brent and Greater London. We can see from the data that from 1984 the males weekly earnings know increased as the years select deceased on. The females earnings have also incr eased as the years have gone by, but not the corresponding tot as the males. nearly females argue that they are getting foul pay, as their earnings do not match the males when they are working the same hours and the same stocks as them. If females feel neglected in the workforce they examine the equal opportunities for advice.We can see by looking for at this chart that the level of males earnings in 1994 in Brent have increase, so has females earnings. However females earnings are not as much as males earning.Recruitment And SelectionThe starting stage of recruitment is to conduct a detailed analysis of the job, which may involve inquisitive the current jobholder or observing the jobholder at work. The learning gathered is conservatively recorded and analysed. Further information might be accomplished through discussions with the jobholders manager of supervisor.When the job analyst gathered all this information, it should be create verbally down in a summary reputa tion castigateting out what the job entails. This report is called job description. It contains two types of information. It describes the tasks of the job and describes the behaviour inevitable to actually do these tasks. This is what a job description summary looks like bloodline Description chew over Title Sales admirer like a shot responsible to Store managerDirectly responsible for No oneContact with Managers, other sales services, personnel surgical incision, other stores and customers bloodline delimitate To help meet customers requirements by providing them a high quality service to ensure they remain satisfied. To be able to take in with customer complaints, request and offer advice when required.Job responsibilities you need to maintain up-date knowledge of all products ranges and developments. As a company representative a professional, courtly and sensitive manner should be adopted at all times. Whenever possible the companys own brand products should be promoted over those of its competitors.Job requirements all customers rolls essential(prenominal) be processed aright using the company system as soon as the order is received. Overall an individual target must be met. Complaints must be mountaint with politely and immediately.A person specification, which is also know as a personnel profile, describes the characteristics and skills, which a person needs to be able to do the job to the required standards. There are many ways to circle out this information. This is what a person specification looks likePerson specPhysical appearanceSmart personal appearance, clear, articulate speechAchievements cardinal GCSEs at grade C or above. No preceding(prenominal) experience required, however it would be an advantage.Specific skillsGood confabulation skills. competency to listen to problems and offer practical suggestions. Willingness to learn. Competent with money.InterestsAny position of social debt instrument or break danceicipation in t eam related activityPersonalityPolite, pleasant and cheerful, ability to deal calmly with aggravated customers and to cope under pressure. Good team workerPersonal circumstances secure person, untroubled time-keeper, living topical anaestheticly and willing to do additional overtime work during holiday periods.The next stage of the process is to attract moreover those people who fit Boots person specification. Therefore Boots need to advertise for a staff and it is important to advertise in the right areas. It is important to think active the type of people it is trying to attract and the publications they read.The advertisement should be through a well clearly and noticeable. The advertisement should also pull it quite clear how any elicited person should apply, and state whether applicants need to submit a copy of their class vitae.Once Boots has attracted applicants who match the person specification, the next stage is to gather information on each applicant. The main sou rces of information are1. Application forms2. computer program vitae3. InterviewsThe purpose of an application form is to gather information about the candidate that will give decided clues about personal attributes, qualifications, experience, etc. Boots make decisions about which candidates to short list by comparing the information on application forms to the person specification. The death application form is regarded as part of a candidates contract of employment. It is important that no false claims are make or any deliberate misinformation is included, otherwise the contract of employment could be void.A curriculum vitae (CV) is a document usually initiated and prepared by a job seeker. It serves a similar purpose to an application form. The CV includes the job seekers personal details, education, qualification, work experience, interest and ambitions.In addition, the CV should include any other information that would be probable to persuade a prospective employer to con sider granting and interview. This is how a CV looks like and should be presented. (See next page)Curriculum VitaeName Salma AhmedAddress 50 Tudor Court SouthWembleyMiddle agitateHA9-6SE holler 0208 900 9018 Home)07958172964 (Mobile)Date of Birth 20/11/1985Marital status championNationality BritishOccupation StudentEducation Preston Manor Sixth construct CentreCarlton bridle-path EastWembleyMiddlesexHA9 8NA Sep 2002-2004Qualifications GCSEFrench Bmathematics CArt C English Literature AEnglish Language BScience C/CHistory CDT CPersonal Profile I am a very hard working person. I like collision deadlines and I am very reliable. I like working as a team as my communication skills are very well developed. I can work independently as well as in a team and work to the go around of my ability.Work Experience worry shrewdness UK (Computer suppliers)Position I.T. AssistantAddress Alperton HouseBridgewater RoadWembleyMiddlesexHA0 1EHStart 04/06/01 done for(p) 15/06/01Duties & SkillsDuri ng my experience at insight my duties were to deal with technical douse and solving them. I had to do mail orders and general office duties including filing, faxing, photocopying and other duties that were requiredAchievementsThroughout my five years at Preston Manor, I have achieved many duties and responsibilities. I was a prefect where I had to help out the schooling with any events or forthcoming events. I was also a member of the school council committee. I took part in many school activities and extra-curricular activities such as basketball, football and cricket. I had entered for a metrical composition competition and the poem was published in a book called kaleidoscope.InterestsIn my spare time I make myself effectual. I like to stay healthy and fit, l play lots of sports such as football and basketball. I also play snooker. I am sociable too as I go out with friends to different places. At home I know reading books and listening to music. I take a lot of interest in co mputing and learn to develop my knowledge on it at home with computer books. I also use the Internet on a regular basis everyday as I find it very interesting and take a big interest in this too.Reference Are unattached upon requestThe structure of the selection interview depends on the constitution of the vanity and the coat of the Boots. For some jobs, applicants may be interviewed just once on a one to one basis. Other jobs often interview an applicant several times before they employ them or dismiss them.This is and example of the types of questions that may be asked during an interview at Boots1. Why did you apply for this job?2. Tell me more about youre past experiences?3. Why did you leave your last job?4. From your CV I can see that you have developed your skills, what are your strength and weaknesses?5. In Boots you may have to deal with annoyed customers, how would you deal with the view?6. Give me an example of a situation you have faced?7. How well do you think you can conduct to the success of Boots?8. Do you have any references?Before we finish do you have any questions?These are questions that maybe asked by the interviewee to the applicant. During this type of interview, which would be face to face, the applicant must show that they are willing to brand out this job at high standards and are able it touch on the interviewee with skills and experiences that have been achievedDuring the interview the interviewee would usually mark the applicant(s) on a checklist, which would be created to see whether the applicant is right for the job. This is how a checklist would look like later this process is done the Human imagery department then work out who is perfect and suitable for the job.This is the type of recruitment process that Boots would use. lots other jobs are advertised in the local newspaper and when the people see them they send off a garner of application, as they have no application forms or they never received any.A letter of application is simply a letter asking for the job and rationalizeing why the writer is suitable for it. The letter will be organize in any way the writer thinks is appropriate, and this very fact makes it a useful selection method. If the letter is badly structured, poorly expressed and full of spell out mistakes, it could indicate that the applicant is not suitable for a clerical or administrative job, which requires neat well-structured work.On the other hand, a poorly structured letter, which is nevertheless imaginative and interesting, could indicate that the applicant may be suitable for the job.On the next page is an example of a letter of application. This job place was name in the local newspaper for a job at Chorospan Ltd.John BatesPersonnel DirectorChorospan Ltd Preston ManorReginal Road Carlton Avenue EastChester WembleyCH2 7KB MiddlesexHA9 8NA10 January 2003Dear Mr. John Bates,Post of Personnel AssistantI am interested in applying for the job of personnel assistant a dvertised in the Wembley Observer on 9/01/03.I am presently studying for the Advanced Vocational level in Business at Preston Manor Sixth Form College, which I will finish at the end of June this year. My qualifications and educational details are in the curriculum vitae attached.I am very interested in personnel work and I did two weeks work experience at Action.com, (which now is known as Insight UK) in London in June of last year. I am also studying a personnel unit on my course, which has increased my interest and understanding in personnel work.I am available for an interview at any time convenient for you, unconnected from the dates of January 27 and January 30.Yours SincerelyAmit PatelTraining And Development ProgrammeTraining is the encyclopedism of a body of knowledge and skills, which can be applied to a particular job.The resources devoted to education can create substantial costs. It is important that training needs are correctly set and the desired standard of skill is established. The training programme needs to be administrated efficiently and evaluated the results achieved by employees that received training should be compared with the standard of performance it was hoped to achieve.Nowadays most large organisations like Boots employ professional training officers to run training programmes for employees. In a large manufacturing or services company, for example, the training manager will have teams of training instructors to teach all kinds of courses to employees. Even in wee businesses several types of training will still be undeniableTraining can be dived into two main categories on the job training or off the job training.On the job trainingThis means that the employee acquire their training or development in the body of work itself. For many people they enjoy the direct link with their job and can see more clearly how relevant the training or development is to the performance of that jobOff the job trainingThis means attending co urses, which may be in a college or a training centre away from the workplace. This type of training is important to an employees occupational group development as well as being an integral part of training a training programme.There are various types of trainingInduction TrainingInduction is the process of introducing new employees to the organisation and its way of brio and culture. Employers use induction training as a means of introducing new employees to the organisation and ensuring they have required information and skills to perform their tasks to the required standard.Induction training can help to minimise labour turnover among new recruits by ensuring that they are made to feel wel come out and are fully awake of what the job entails. Induction training provides new employees with information about The organisations policies and objectives Future locomote opportunities Pay, training and fringe benefits Health and caoutchouc The organisational structure and layout The requirements of the job Colleagues and managersGood induction training programmes successfully balance the amount of information that needs to be conveyed with the length of time employees can sustain their concentration.MentoringMentoring schemes are used by businesses both to develop good working apprisalships between employees and to provide employees with the opportunity to learn new skills. Employees are allocated a mentor, usually an older or more experienced existing employee, whose role is to advise and answer their concerns. The employee benefits from advice on issues such as career development and managing change. The mentor benefits from an increase sense of responsibility and the opportunity to pass on their personal knowledge.For some professional and senior posts, it has been found that mentoring is more effective if the mentor comes from an foreign organisation. The mentor would be expected to have a big range of professional skills and experience and be able to o ffer independent advice and support.CoachingCoaching involves regular informal meetings between a mangers and an employee, which allow discussion of the employees performance in relation to the achievement of any objectives or targets. These informal performance assessment sessions enable a manager to identify an employees strengths and weaknesses.Coaching provides managers with a means of both assessing an employees suitability for promotion and analysing the way an employee has coped with any additional responsibility or extra authority.In House TrainingThis is where employers run courses privileged their own organisation. grades might be held in an ordinary office room or in a smart training centre owned by the organisation. In house training schemes often referred to as on the job training, because it provides training and development to employees using resources within the organisation.The main benefits of using in house courses are They are fairly cheap there is usually no need to employ outside trainers and lecturer Course glut is tailor made for your organisation Reference and examples to highlight points can be related to your own organisation Everybody knows one other, so there is no time wasted in having to get to know peopleThe success of in house training schemes is dependent upon the teaching skills of the instructors. Instructors need to possess good communication skills and be able to break down, explain and prioritise each section of a particular task.External Coursessometimes it is necessary to send staff to do courses elsewhere. This may be with another employer or at a specialist-training centre or at the grind of an equipment supplier. Externally run training schemes are normally used by smaller organisations, as they usually have too few employees requiring training to justify expenditure on specialist training facilities and full-time instructors.The benefits of using foreign courses are They bring together specialist trainers wh o would never be available to an in-house course chiefly because of the high cost Course members get together from several organisations, and this enables them to learn more about each other and how their respective organisation operate Trainers place great value on the benefits of being away from the workplace the course members are in a comfortable and peaceful environment away from any distractionsExternal courses are generally quite expensive because this includes fairly luxurious accommodation in lavish surrounding and the guest speakers are extremely paid. This means employers have to think very seriously about the value of such courses to the organisation and they have to carefully identify which staffThe National Training frameTraining and enterprise councilsThis was first established in 1990. This helps businesses to identify their training need. Sponsored by the government and led by local people, there are some 80 TECs in England and Wales. Their mission is to push ec onomic harvest-feast through effective training and enterprise.Investors in peopleTECs are also responsible for assess firms that wish to be recognised publicly as investors in people. The idea behind the initiative is that investing in people is one of the most effective ways of improving business performance. To gain recognition as an investor in people, companies like Boots must meet supreme training standards.Individual learning fliersIndividual learning accounts are intentional to help individuals manage, plan and invest in their own learning and, therefore, take charge of their career and future. They are sort of a bank account into which the government, the individual and the employer all make a contribution, and the money is used to steal training and education, both now and in the future.Modern apprenticeshipsModern apprenticeships provide young people with a means of obtaining a nationally recognised qualification while gaining valuable work experience. This is basica lly when young people are working and having education at the same time (part time college).National vocational levelsNVQs are occupational qualifications based upon an employees ability to reach defined levels of skill or competence in carrying out various tasks connected with their particular occupation. The basis for awarding an NVQ is an assessment of an employees level of competence, and any necessary underpinning knowledge.Several techniques can be used to help promising employees to develop their abilities and give management a fall apart idea of exactly where the employees future may lieJob Rotation better-looking people a range of jobs in rotary motion widens their experiences and increases their skills.Job EnlargementGiving people extra tasks to do gives management a better idea of the employees true capacity, ability and stamina.Job EnrichmentAdding more interesting and more intemperate tasks to the job. This might be done with a person of very great potential to see j ust how capable he or she really is.There are so many other courses of trainings that a business like Boots can look into. These are the key aspects of the training and development program. Most of the methods of trainings shown before are some of the trainings that Boots themselves take up on. The other types of trainings Boots could look into to help develop their staffs and train them to offer a better service to the their customers.Human Resource Management The Potential For ConflictIn a large organisation like Boots conflict is inevitable. Basically, the resources that can be devoted to this area are modified and everyone considers a large share of them.The main areas of conflicts are as followsDepartment RivalryBoots does not have unlimited resources to devote to its human resources activities such as training and staff development. The human resources management has the difficult task of deciding who should be given the benefits of those activities and this is also an area where there is huge potential for conflict. Departmental managers will all want to make sure that their departments do not miss out but they cannot all get bigger slice at the cake if the cake is of limited size. judgmentThis is a common feature of most organisation but it is a very difficult area and fraught with difficulties. To some long standing employees, assessment is simply unacceptable. They hate to think that someone is looking over their shoulders or making decisions on how good they are.Even if all staff are fully trained and keen to accept an appraisal system, there is still some potential for conflict. Staff might have a higher opinion of their performance that their managers and this can lead to disagreements and disputes. There can be suggestions of favouritism or victimisation even in a well organised systems such as that of Boots.Recruitment And SelectionThe department that controls selection and recruitment is in a strong position to reward individuals and give them better salaries or more attractive jobs. In making decisions, the department is never going to please everyone. If Boots decided to appoint externally then this could have caused conflict with all internal candidates. raft UnionsOne of the functions of the trade unions or representatives of the staff or any organisation is to gain the maximum pay and the silk hat conditions for the employees. The human resource department have to ensure that salaries and wages are the minimum to attract the best or most appropriate staff.Performance Management And pauperizational TheoriesIt is important that Boots measure the performance of their employees against their aims and objectives and mission statement. This way they can see whether the company are doing well. This term is known as management by objective, in which the performance of the individual and organisation is consistently being measured against objectives and targets, which have been agrees jointly by managers and employees .The monitoring process requires the measurement of performance and then linking these performance measurements against the achievement of objectives.For individual employees, the monitoring process, is usually complemented by some or all of these review systems Appraisal Self rating Peer evaluation 360 degree evaluationAn appraisal system is used to review the standard of work being undertaken by people within an organisation and to assess the value or contribution of individual employees. Appraisal and performance review interviews are used by employers to Reinforce company goals Identify training needs and career opportunities Recognise good performance Review and set new targetsThe person who ap valuates is called the appraisor and the person being appraised is the appraisee.It is important that consideration is given during the appraisal interview to the extent to which an employee has reached objectives agreed at an earlier meeting (such as the previous years appraisal).First ly, the appraisor writes an appraisal report of the appraisee. Secondly, this is discussed with the appraisee at an interview. There are several options availableSelf ratingBefore attending the interview, individual employees might be asked to consider their own view of their performance for Boots. Self-evaluation enables an employee to decide what his or her objectives are and identify training and development needs.The main problem with self-evaluation is that it can be highly biased. Some employees overestimate their performance through a fear of admitting their weaknesses and this is what the appraisor look out for. Other employees under estimate their performance because they do not want extra responsibility or because of false modesty.Peer EvaluationTo inform the performance review process, many organisations also look at comrade evaluations of the individual. This is based on the idea that the best people to provide feedback on an individuals performance are those who opera te at a comparative level. Obviously this can only be carried out in complete confidentiality, so that the people making the helpmate evaluation do not feel that there can be any come back.360 Degree EvaluationThis is the most modern approach it is sometimes called peer appraisal. In 360 degree evaluation the apraisee is appraised by most of the people they deal with. Therefore a middle manager would get appraised by staff working for them, by fellow managers and by their boss.This gives an extremely primitive picture of an employee and it pinpoints strengths and weaknesses very well. However, it takes up much staff time. Nevertheless it is very popular.It is important that Boots employers carry out appraisal interviews every year or every six-month so that they can keep on track how their employees are doing and also check if they are meeting the businesses objective. They can also set new objectives and targets to the employees in this type of interview as the appraisor would h ave found out what the employees strength and weaknesses are.The benefits of performance appraisal It helps to identify training needs It may reveal other problems It may untap useful new skills It betters communication between employees and managers a few words of encouragement and praise for doing a good job are often highly motivating.MotivationMotivation describes the extent to which an individual makes an effort to do something. Boots are promising to improve performance, in terms of productivity, attendance rates, cooperation and quality, if they can find ways of change magnitude the willingness of their employees to make even greater efforts at work.Motivation is the force that drives people to satisfy their needs. Human needs are varied and complex, and it is only relatively recently that psychologists have started to analyse how these forces operate and interact in the workplace.During the 1950s two American researchers, Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg, evolved the ories about human needs, which have since helped managers to understand how to encourage people to perform more effectively at work.Abraham Maslow and The Hierarchy Of inevitablyMaslows ideas focus on the value of developing self approve and of helping people to fulfil their potential. Maslow said that all motivation comes from meeting unsatisfied needs. He stated that there was a ranking of need, which must be achieved in the correct order from the bottom to the top of a pyramid. Basic physiological needs like food and water are at the bottom and self-actualisation is at the top.The need Which is achieved bySelf-actualisation Personal growth and self-fulfilmentEsteem RecognitionAchievementStatusSocial needs middle/loveSafety needs SecurityFreedom from pain and threatsphysiologic needs Food, water, and airOnce these have been satisfied, increasingly higher level need start to come to the fore in determining what causes us. When one level of need is satisfied, it decreases in s trength and our actions are then predominate by the next level and so on.Basic physical needs these include things like food, shelter and warmthSecurity needs these can be things like a safe place to live and security measures of employment.Need for social contact people need contact with family members, friends and work colleagues.Need for self-esteem people gain self-esteem when they feel that their achievements are recognised and rewarded. This may be anything from a few words of praise to tangible things like a new house or carNeed for fulfilment this usually involves some form of personal development, achieving goals or the successful completion of an ambitious projectMaslow has contributed much to our understanding of the wide range of needs that working people have. He was one of the first researchers to realise the importance of motivational factors such as Enhancing peoples self-esteem Giving them a challenge Providing opportunities for personal growth Giving people extra responsibilityFrederick Herzberg and The Two Factor TheoryIn 1957 Hezberg devised the motivation-hygiene theory, which stated that two groups of factors affect employees motivation. He studied thousands of workers to find out what satisfied and what dissatisfied them about their jobs. He discovered, naturally enough, that some things gave employees satisfaction while other things made them dissatisfied.Herzberg called the things that satisfy people job content factors and the things that dissatisfy people job scene factors. He said that certain elements in a job motivate people to work harder.Job content (inside circle) normally involves aspects such as achievements, recognition, opportunities from promotion, responsibility and the nature of the work itself. Job content factors are factors within a job that can cause satisfaction. These factors are sometimes known as satisfiers or motivators.Job scope (outside circle) includes aspects such as working condition, pay, company policy, organisational structure and administration. They are called job context factors because they are outside the job. Poor job context factors can cause dissatisfaction and can demotivate, but good job context factors are not enough in themselves to provide job satisfaction.Mangers must focus upon some of these factors if they want to increase job satisfaction and motivate employees.As we can see looking at both Maslows and Herzberg theories, that these methods will help employers and managers motivate their employees to get the best work out of them to keep the company alive.It is important that motivation takes part in all businesses, as motivation is a key aspect of the performance management part of the business. We can now see how businesses like Boots are influenced by these two motivational theories, however there are more theories that cover the whole concept of motivationWe can see the main purposes of performance management and why it is so important to large and sma ll businesses like Boots. Performance management plays a big successful part in a business as long as it keeps the employees happy and make.Planning The Workforce (Human Resource Planning)There are four main reasons for human resource planning1. It encourages employers to develop clear links between their business plans and their HR plans so that they can integrate the two more effectively, for all concern2. Organisations can control staff costs and poesy employed far more effectively3. Employers can build up a skill profile for each of their employees. This makes it easier to give them work where they are most value to the organisation4. It creates a profile of staff which is necessary for the operation of equal opportunities policyBecause of the dynamic nature of the modern world-wide business environment, human resource planning is an ongoing process. A business like Boots needs to alter its objectives continuously to take account of youthful technology Emerging world markets Green and ethical issues Workforce demands crude TechnologyThe rate of technological change is accelerating. It permeates every aspect of business activity design, production planning, production control, automated production, warehousing, despatch, transportation, administration systems, management information systems, and so on. Robotics, automation and information technology are still in their early stages of development. As progress continues, the nature of industry and commerce will change even more dramatically. Human resource plans should consider the likely impact of technological change on the type of employees that the organisation will require in the future as well as considering the training implications for existing employees.World MarketsInternational companies are able to exploit world markets, enjoying considerable economies of scale, specially as transport costs continue to glow in real terms. Worldwide production facilities, automation and access to indorsement information anywhere in the world are changing the nature of companies. Businesses, which do not deliver quality goods and services on time, are being bypassed. Consumers demand more choice and new products. Product life cycles are shortening and product development time scales have had to move up. Internet selling has cash in ones chips firmly established and organisations require highly flexible work forces to survive in such an environment.Green And honest IssuesBusinesses have to maintain a good relationship with their customers and suppliers. That relationship can be threatened by bad publicity, and companies need to be aware that they are scrutinised by many pressure groups that seek to publicise unfair or unethical practices. Green peace, for example, protests against environmentally unfriendly practices, and it sometimes targets action against individual companies as well as putting pressure on business as a whole. There have been many examples or pressure groups staging high-profile demonstrations against individual companies and organising boycotts of their products.Workforce DemandsConditions at work have improved enormously, compared to how they were a hundred years ago, but employee expectations continue to rise. Employees demand better working conditions and a better quality of working life. They want to be consulted about matters that affect them at work. They certainly have higher expectations about work than previous generations people are not likely to be committed and loyal to employers that do not consider their needs and expectation. Human resource plans need to offer suitable training, development, motivation and rewards to satisfy employees and to ensure that those people with the highest skills and expertise are attracted to, and retained, by the organisation.These are factors that have influences on human resource planning. It is important that businesses like Boots think about these factors and how they might work from it and what kind of things the business may have to listen of. Good planning means a successful business.To successfully follow through a human resource plan, a manager needs to obtain the cooperation of everybody within and outside the organisation. The human resource manager needs to motivate and enlist the cooperation of customers, suppliers, the managers own staff, senior managers and people in the other departments.Manpower Planning And Internal StaffingOne of the most important plans the human resource manager makes is the manpower plan. This sets out the number and types of employees that will be required by an organisation in the future.Manpower Planning And The External Labour Market FactorAs well as the continuous analysis of the internal staffing resources, manpower planning must also be supported by monitoring, the availability of labour from external resources. If an organisation fails to monitor the pool of potential recruits in the working population at both local and nationa l level then it runs the risk of not being able to satisfy any additional manpower requirements from external resources.Local External CoursesWhen assessing the extent to which future manpower requirements can be satisfied from local labour markets, manpower planning must take account of Demographic trends, with particular emphasis on the overall size and age structure of the local working population Developments in the local transport system that determine the effective catchment area for labour Unemployment rates, and the availability of workers with particular skills, qualifications and experience.National External SourcesBoots must also consider the extent to which it ability to meet its manpower requirements may be influenced by national factors. National policies, demographic trends and developments can affect the ability of the organisation to recruit certain types of labour, and can have implications for salary levels and the conditions of employment.Manpower planning must t herefore also take account of National demographic trends, particularly any implications for the growth of the working population Economic trends which affect the demands for different types of labour in todays economy, for example, there is greater demand for people with practical science and technology skills and those with customer service skills required in call centres Education and training trends, such as central government measures, which change the emphasis and structure of university courses and the provision of technical and vocational education in school and colleges New legislation, including government policies and EU directives on wages and salary negotiations, the role of staff associations and trade unions, equal pay, sex discrimination, employment protection, working time and industrial relationsStatistical analytic thinkingThere is a great deal of statistical information, from government and offstage sector sources, relating to the impact of local and the natio nal factors on the labour market. This type of analysis is particularly useful to any organisation drawing up a manpower plan in support of business relocation or the setting up of a new business.Drawing Up The Manpower PlanIf an organisation like Boots have identified the strengths and weaknesses of an organisations existing workforce and the external labour market factors impacting upon its ability to recruit and retain labour, a manpower plan can then be devised.The manpower must deal with Recruitment Transfers Redundancies Training productivity Labour turnoverRecruitmentA schedule must be produced that deals with the timing or the recruitment programme for the various types and levels of labour. It must set out an approach to tackling any possible labour recruitment difficulties that have been identified by earlier investigations.TransfersThe manpower plan needs to cover the future redeployment of existing employees between various jobs, department, sections and locations. The plan covers not only within existing premises but also any transfers involving proposed movements of employees to different geographical locations where organisation operate.RedundancyIf some jobs have become obsolete, or the organisation needs to mortify its activities in certain areas, it needs a programme for redundancies. This must cover the timetable and selection procedure for redundancies and/or early retirements, and the determination of redundancy payments and pensions. The plan must also limit how the organisation in tends to assist redundant employees in their search for option employment.TrainingThis section of the manpower plan deals with the duration, structure and content of training and apprenticeship courses. It should cover induction and training of young recruits and the training and retraining courses for existing employees.ProductivityRecruitment, selection, training and promotion measures are designed to ensure that the best possible people fill existing an d future positions. However, they must be supported by actions so that all employees can work more productively. Productivity can also be raised by measures aimed at improving industrial and human relations within the organisation. If employees feel precious and get job satisfaction, they are likely to be better motivated and more productive.Labour TurnoverA high labour turnover is bound to affect the quality and level of output as well as incurring manpower costs associated with the recruitment and training of labour. Having identified the avoidable causes of manpower wastage, the plan may suggest some remedies to reduce wastage.Having produced a manpower plan, every effort must be made to ensure that it is continually updated in the light of both internal and external developments that affect the organisations ability to meet its demand for labour.We can see how human resource planning is vital for nearly any business. Planning the workforce is good preparation for creating a toug her and successful workforce, which would then create better services. It is important that Boots also plan their external and internal developments too as it may affect the business to meet their demand for labour.